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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 27

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 27
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Meristematic tissue in vascular bundle is
    Solution
    Intrafascicular cambium is present between xylem and phloem in dicot stem and roots. It is also termed as fascicular cambium. This meristematic area spreads laterally from each bundle and eventually becomes continuous, forming a complete vascular cambium.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In quiescent zone, DNA content is 
    Solution
    The root apical meristem is present as the tip of main root and has a quiescent center in its center which is characterized by low frequency of cell division, mitosis and thus low synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein. The quiescent center serves as reserve meristem and is most apparent in actively growing roots but disappears during dormant phase, carbohydrate starvation or root cap removal.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    What is the characteristics of a vascular bundle of monocot stem?
    Solution
    In a monocot stem the vascular bundles are not arranged in a circle but are usually scattered throughout the ground tissue. There is no clearly defined pith as there is in many dicotyledonous species. 
    The vascular bundles of monocotylenous plants do not contain a layer of meristematic tissue (cambium) as the dicots do. Thus, no new cells can be formed inside the vascular bundles of monocots and their vascular bundles are termed as closed, whereas those of dicot plants are open. Bundle sheath is developed either partly or completely surrounding the vascular bundle. Thus, option C is correct.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Lateral meristem is responsible for which of the following?
    Solution
    Secondary growth refers to the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and gives rise to primary tissue.
    In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the two lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. Arising from lateral meristems, secondary growth increases the girth of the plant root or stem, rather than its length. 
    As long as the lateral meristems continue to produce new cells, the stem or root will continue to grow in diameter. In woody plants, this process produces wood, and shapes the plant into a tree with a thickened trunk. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The difference between the arrangement of vascular bundle of a stem and root is that stem is
    Solution
    Endarch is the arrangement in which the protoxylem is directed towards the center and metaxylem elements towards the periphery. The development of the xylems in this arrangement follows the centrifugal pattern. It is the characteristics of the stem of flowering plants. Whereas, exarch is the arrangement in which the protoxylem is directed towards the periphery and metaxylem towards the center. The development of the xylem in this arrangement follows the centripetal pattern. It is the characteristics of roots.
    Mesarch is used when there is more than one strand of primary xylem in a stem or root and the xylem develops from the middle of a strand in both directions. The metaxylem is thus, on both the peripheral and central sides of the strand with the protoxylem between the metaxylem. The leaves and stems of many ferns have mesarch development. Polyarch is the characteristic of monocot roots. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Polyarch and exarch vascular bundles are the characteristic of
    Solution
    Monocot root vascular bundles are radial in arrangement. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem. Hence, the condition is described as polyarch. Xylem is described as exarch in them. 
    Monocot stem vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed. Xylem is endarch in them. Presence of only two protoxylem and two metaxylem vessels in each bundle. 
    Dicot root vascular bundles are described as radial and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. 
    Dicot stem vascular bundles are eight in number, arranged in form of a broken ring. The vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open. Xylem is on the inner surface and phloem on the outer surface. Xylem is described as endarch. Thus, option D is correct.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Hard bast (bundle cap) occurs in
    Solution
    Dicot stem pericycle is the outermost covering of the stele, which lies immediately below the endodermis. It is represented by a few layers of compactly arranged sclerenchyma cells. Above each vascular bundle, the pericycle forms a distinct cap-like structure, known as 'bundle cap' or 'hard bast'. Sunflower is a dicot. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Commercial cork is obtained from
    Solution
    Cork, the outer bark of an evergreen type of oak tree called as the cork oak (species Quercus suber) that is native to the Mediterranean region. Cork consists of the irregularly shaped, thin-walled, wax-coated cells that make up the peeling bark of the birch and many other trees, but, in the restricted commercial sense of the word, only the bark of the cork oak merits the designation of cork. The cork oak grows abundantly in Portugal, Spain, parts of southern France and Italy and North Africa. The tree is usually about 18 m tall, with a broad, round-topped head and glossy green, hollylike leaves.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Annual rings or growth rings are formed due to the fluctuations in the activity of
    Solution
    Annual rings are formed due to unequal activity of vascular cambium. The activity of cambium does not remain same. It is changeable in the whole year. Activity of vascular cambium is affected by physiological and environmental factors. In winter or autumn season the activity of the cambium is less and the secondary xylem or wood formed is not extensive through the vascular cambium. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Passage cells are more distinct in endodermis of
    Solution
    Passage cells are endodermal cells of older monocot roots which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside. Experimental evidence suggests that passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. For the most part, however, old roots seal themselves off at the endodermis, and only serve as a passageway for water and minerals taken up by younger roots "downstream". Passage cells are absent in dicot roots, monocot stem and dicot stem.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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