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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 30

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 30
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    When tree grows older, which of the following increase rapidly in thickness?
    Solution
    Heartwood is also called duramen. It is dead, central wood of trees. Its cells usually contain tannins or other substances that make it dark in colour and sometimes aromatic. 
    Heartwood is mechanically strong, resistant to decay, and less easily penetrated by wood-preservative chemicals than other types of wood. One or more layers of living and functional sapwood cells are periodically converted to heartwood. So, when tree grows older, heartwood increases rapidly than sapwood, cortex or phloem. Thus, option A is the correct answer.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Thickness of stem increase due to activity of
    Solution
    Secondary growth refers to the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. Primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and gives rise to primary tissue. 
    Secondary growth occurs in most seed plants, but monocots usually lack secondary growth. Thus, option A is correct.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The wood of commerce is
    Solution
    Heartwood is also called as 'duramen'. It is dead, central wood of trees. Its cells usually contain tannins or other substances that make it dark in colour and sometimes aromatic. Heartwood is mechanically strong, resistant to decay and less easily penetrated by wood-preservative chemicals than other types of wood. So, it is called as wood of commerce. One or more layers of living and functional sapwood cells are periodically converted to heartwood. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Secondary growth is the production of
    Solution
    Secondary growth refers to the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken. Secondary growth occurs in most seed plants, but monocots usually lack secondary growth. So, secondary growth is the production of new tissues from lateral meristem. It is charecteristic feture of dicots and absent in monocots.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Casparian strips are present in:
    Solution
    Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall - the cell wall being made of lignin and without suberin, whereas the Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. So, Casparian bands are present in endodermis and not in pericycle, periderm or cortex.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following increases due to cambium?
    Solution
    The vascular cambium (plural cambia) is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of the secondary growth. Multiplicative divisions produce more initial cells and result in the increased circumference of the vascular cambium. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Cambium is a lateral meristem, as it
    Solution
    Radial growth of plants is the result of activity of the lateral meristems. These meristems, known as the vascular and cork cambiums are active in areas of the plant, where primary growth has ceased and are therefore referred to as secondary meristems. The lateral meristems encircle the body of the plant.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Monocot root differs from dicot root in having
    Solution
    Pith is the innermost region of the root representing the central axis. It is composed of few loosely arranged parenchyma cells. Large pith is present in monocot roots. In dicot roots, pith is absent. Open vascular bundles are present in dicots. Scattered vascular bundles are present in moncot stem. Radial vascular bundles are present in both monocot and dicot roots.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Active divisions occur in the cells of
    Solution
    Secondary growth refers to the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and gives rise to primary tissue.
    In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the two lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. Arising from lateral meristems, secondary growth increases the girth of the plant root or stem, rather than its length. As long as the lateral meristems continue to produce new cells, the stem or root will continue to grow in diameter.
    In woody plants, this process produces wood, and shapes the plant into a tree with a thickened trunk. So, active divisions occurs in cambium. Active divisions will not occurs in xylem, phloem and collenchyma. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    In a woody dicotyledonous tree, which of the following parts will mainly consist of primary tissues?
    Solution
    • Meristem is the region marked by presence of active cell growth and the tissues present in meristem are termed as meristematic tissues. On the basis of their position in plant body, meristems are grouped as apical, lateral or intercalary meristem. Secondary growth is caused by lateral meristem.
    • A flower is defined as condensed shoot and is derived from shoot apical meristem by the process of specialization of leaves into floral appendages. 
    • Leaf is green, exogenous, lateral outgrowth which develops from shoot apical meristem.
    • Fruit is a ripened ovary which serves to protect the ripening ovule. 
    • Thus, flower, leaf and ovary develop from primary meristem and lack any lateral meristem that causes secondary growth, i.e., these structures mainly have primary tissues. 
    • Stem and roots have inter- and intra-fascicular cambium which is a lateral meristem (secondary) and produce secondary stelar (secondary xylem and phloem) and extra stelar tissues (phelloderm, phellogen and phellem). Shoot and root tip have apical meristem.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
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