Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 41

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Question 1
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Which of the following is a plant tissue that constantly undergoes mitosis?

A
Pith

B
Xylem

C
Pholem

D
Cortex

E
Cambium

Solution

Cambium is a type of merismatic tissue. It is a plant tissue located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth and the secondary phloem growth. It constantly undergoes mitosis and always dividing. It is a cylinder of unspecialized meristem cells that divide to give new cells which then specialize to form secondary vascular tissues.
Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
Question 2
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All vascular tissues are formed from

A
Xylem

B
Phloem

C
Cambium

D
Bark

E
Pith

Solution

The tissue located between the phloem and the xylem is called as vascular cambium. It is from the cambium that the secondary growth of xylem and phloem occurs both in the root and stem parts of the plant. The secondary xylem grows inwards towards the center or pith of the plant. The secondary phloem grows towards the outer side of the plant or the bark. Only dicots have vascular cambium. Hence monocots don’t have secondary growth. This cambium produces phloem and xylem but doesn’t transport minerals, water or food through the plant.
Question 3
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Which of the following statements describes monocotyledons?

A
They have fibrous roots

B
Their leaves have parallel venation

C
Their seeds have only one cotyledon

D
All of the above

Solution

The monocotyledonous plants have the adventitious or the fibrous type of root system that do not grow much deeper but spread in the region widely to provide support the plant.
Parallel venation is where the secondary veins run parallel to each other and are connected laterally by the minute and straight veinlets. This type of venation is mostly seen in monocots. They show the presence of a single cotyledon.
Thus the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
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Secondary cortex is also known as

A
Phellem

B
Phelloderm

C
Phellogen

D
Bark
Solution
- The cambium formed in the extra-stele region is the cork cambium.
- The cork cambium leads to the formation of new tissues which helps in the secondary growth of the plants. The cork cambium is known as the phellogen.
- The phellem forms the cork. The secondary cortex is known as the phelloderm.
- These are thin-walled cells that develop from the inner side of the cork cambium.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
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Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered closed because

A
Xylem is surrounded all around by phloem

B
There are no vessels with perforations

C
A bundle sheath surrounds each bundle

D
There is no secondary growth

Solution

Vascular bundles in monocotyledons are considered as closed because cambium is absent in the vascular system and thus they lack secondary growth in the thickness. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
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Cork Cambium of dicot stem originates from

A
Dedifferentiated parenchyma cells of cortex

B
Dedifferentiated collenchyma cells of cortex

C
Parenchyma cells of medullary ray

D
Parenchyma cells of pericycle
Solution
- Cork cambium is a lateral meristem. It forms as a result of secondary growth.
- It is mainly formed in the woody trees. It is a protective layer formed in the plant.
- It is formed as a secondary meristem from a layer of collenchyma or parenchyma immediately beneath the epidermis. So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
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Identify the sclerenchyma tissue?

A

B

C

D
Solution
Sclerenchyma cells have thick, dignified secondary walls and lack cell contents at maturity.
This tissue type is found in all plants and is hard, rigid and somewhat brittle due to these properties.
Image A shows cells with no cellular content and having dense rectangular-shaped cells with thick cell walls.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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Find out the wrong statement about angiosperm roots.

A
Cuticle is absent in young stages

B
The apex is protected by root cap

C
Vascular bundles are collateral

D
Xylem is centripetal in growth in the young roots

Solution

C. Vascular bundles are collateral.
Reason: Vascular bundles found in angiospermic roots are radial which means xylem and phloem bundles are present in an alternate manner on different radii and are exarch (protoxylem towards the pericycle and metaxylem towards the center).
Collateral vascular bundles are generally found in angiospermic stems, rounded or oval in outline. The contain xylem on the inner side and phloem in the outer side.
Question 9
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Continuous mitosis in plants is shown by

A
Pith

B
Xylem

C
Phloem

D
Cortex

E
Cambium

Solution

Cambium is a lateral meristem that exhibits continuous mitosis and is responsible for growth in thickness of plant body. Permanent tissues are the one that has stopped growth permanently and never divide or in which growth has stopped for time being. Xylem and phloem are complex permanent tissues while cortex and pith are simple permanent tissues. Thus, the correct answer is E.
Question 10
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The innermost layer of cortex is

A
Epidermis

B
Hypodermis

C
Endodermis

D
Pericycle

Solution

There are various layers of cells in the root. The cortical layer which is present on the innermost side is called as endodermis. The cells of endodermis are barrel-shaped. These cells are closely packed, suberized and its thickening is called as casparian strips. There are certain cells which are not suberised called as passage cells
Thus, the correct answer is option C.