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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 54

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 54
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    A collateral vascular bundle, is one in which xylem and phloem strands are present on the same radius with phloem towards
    Solution
    A vascular bundle in which a strand of phloem is present external to the strand of xylem on the same radius side by side is known as a collateral bundle. Cambium may be present or absent in between xylem and phloem, and so there are the following two types of a collateral bundle:
    (a) Closed collateral bundle: In this type cambium is absent in between xylem and phloem. Therefore stems having this type of bundle does not have normal secondary growth. Ex. Monocotyledonous stem. Usually, these bundles are enclosed within bundle sheath made up of sclerenchyma and those that lack the sheath are considered as anomalous (e.g. Asparagus stem).
    (b) Open collateral bundle: An open collateral vascular bundle has cambium called fascicular cambium between xylem and phloem. The bundles can increase in diameter by normal secondary growth with the help of fascicular cambium. Ex. Dicotyledonous stem. 
    So, the correct answer is 'Outer side of the xylem'.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Histogen found at the tip of root apical meristem is
    Solution
    • The root apical meristem gives rise to three primary meristems- procambium, ground meristem, protoderm and the root cap. 
    • Calyptrogen is a specialized internal meristematic cell derived from the root apical meristem.
    • They divide internally to produce a protective cap-like structure at the root tip called the root cap.
    • Dermatogen, periblem and plerome are the three histogens derived from the shoot apical meristem.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Calyptrogen'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Plant growth in length is due to activity of
    Solution
    • The apical meristematic tissues are present at the shoot tips and root tips in plants.
    • They are actively dividing metabolic cells which continuously divided to form three distinct layer at the shoot and root tip.
    • The layers are- dermatogen to the outer side, periblem is present between the dermatogen and plerome which forms the cortex region, plerome to the inner side which forms the stele.
    • These meristematic tissues are responsible for the primary growths in plants which are achieved by the elongation of shoot tip and root tip.
    So, the correct answer is 'Apical meristem'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one is not formed from procambium?
    Solution
    • The procambium is derived from the apical meristematic tissue which forms the primary tissues of the vascular system.
    • It is present between the primary xylem and primary phloem i.e, the intrafascicular cambium.
    • When the cambial layer formed within the vascular bundles in the stems of a plant which forms a ring of tissues it is called the interfascicular cambium.
    • The cambial layer present between the primary xylem and primary phloem is called the intrafascicular cambium. So, the correct answer is 'Interfascicular cambium'.
    • Question 5
      1 / -0
      Leaf primordium grows into adult lamina by means of
      Solution
      • The apical meristematic tissues are present at the shoot tips and root tips in plants.
      • They are actively dividing metabolic cells which continuously divided to form three distinct layer at the shoot and root tip.
      • Leaves are derived from the shoot apical meristem or SAM.
      • The SAM swells up to form the undifferentiated leaf primordium which divides into two systems that develop leaf blades and leaf sheaths.
      • The leaf blades grow mainly due to cell elongation. 
      • The flattened blade is derived from the marginal meristem present at the margins of the leaf.
      • The lateral meristems that increase the girth of the plant are termed a lateral meristem and are not involved in leaf formation.
      • So, the correct answer is 'First apical and then marginal meristem'

    • Question 6
      1 / -0
      Stem of grasses and related plants elongate by the activity of
      Solution
      1) The intercalary meristem is the meristems present at the base of the internodes or at the base of nodes of stem or leaf. 
      • These are derived from the residual apical meristem which is present at the nodes and internodes of the stem or leaf.
      • It helps in the elongation and growth of the plants at the nodes and internodes (stems and leaves) and also enables in the longitudinal growth of the stem and leaves in grasses.
      • Intercalary meristems which are present at the nodes of hollow stems or culm (in sugarcane and bamboo) which allows rapid stem elongation whereas, those present at the base of most grass leaf blades allow damaged leaves to rapidly regrow.
      2) The apical meristems are present at the shoot and root tips.
      • The cells here actively divide to increase the length of shoot and root tips in plants.
      So, the correct answer is 'Both apical and intercalary meristem'
    • Question 7
      1 / -0
      Sclereid is 
      Solution
      Sclereids are a reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants. An isolated sclereid cell is known as an idioblast. Sclereids are typically found in the epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue. 
      So, the correct option is B.
    • Question 8
      1 / -0
      Greek word meristos used in term meristem means
      Solution
      • A meristem is a tissue which is composed of undifferentiated cells found in the regions of the plant where growth takes place.
      • The various organs of a plant are derived from a meristem.
      • The word meristem is derived from a Greek word 'merizein' which means 'to divide'.
      • Another Greek term used in relation to meristem is 'meristos' which means 'divisible'.
      • Thus, meristematic cells are those cells which have the power to divide continuously. So, the correct answer is 'Divided'.
      • Question 9
        1 / -0
        Portion of apical meristem that gives rise to xylem tissue is called
        Solution
        A. Protoxylem-  It is the first part of the xylem to be formed in the vascular bundles which consist of narrower vessels formed of smaller cells.
        B. Procambium-  It is a primary meristematic tissue that provides the primary tissues of the vascular system to form the primary xylem and phloem which lies inside the protoderm.
        C. Metaxylem- It is the part formed after the protoxylem, with large cells. 
        D. Tracheid is the component of xylem which consists of elongated which conducts water and mineral salts. 
        So, the correct answer is 'Procambium'
      • Question 10
        1 / -0
        Histogens are components of
        Solution
        • The shoot apical meristem (SAM) consists of three distinct meristematic zones called the histogens.
        • These histogens are present at the growing tips of a stem or a root.
        • These tips consist of three histogens and each of these histogens gives rise to tissues which are different from one another- dermatogen, periblem, plerome (principle tissues)
        • The dermatogen or the outer layer gives rise to the epidermis, periblem or middle layer gives rise to the cortex as well as the epidermis, plerome or the inner layer gives rise to vascular tissues.
        • This is called histogen theory which was proposed by Hanstein in 1870.
        • So, the correct answer is 'Apical meristem'
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