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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 81

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 81
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  • Question 1
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    The sap wood is converted into heartwood by which of the following method?
    Solution
    The critical changes seen during the conversion of sapwood to heartwood is the programmed death of the parenchyma cells of ray and axial regions caused by the degeneration of the protoplasm. Besides this, there is a decrease in the metabolic rate, depletion in the accumulation of starch, lowering of enzymatic activity, accumulation of extractives in the xylem and formation of tyloses in angiosperms. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 2
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    Secondary growth is the production of
    Solution
    Secondary growth refers to the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and gives rise to primary tissue. In many vascular plants, secondary growth is the result of the activity of the two lateral meristems, the cork cambium and vascular cambium. 
  • Question 3
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    Periderm includes
    Solution
    The periderm is the secondary protective (dermal) tissue that replaces the epidermis during growth in thickness of stems and roots of gymnosperms and dicotyledons i.e., secondary growth. Together the phellem (cork), phellogen (cork cambium) and phelloderm constitute the periderm.
  • Question 4
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    The commercial cork is obtained from 
    Solution
    Cork is an impermeable, buoyant material, a prime-subset of bark tissue. It is harvested for commercial use primarily from Quercus suber (the cork oak), which is endemic to southwest Europe and northwest Africa. 
    Cork is composed of suberin, a hydrophobic substance and because of its impermeable, buoyant, elastic and fire retardant properties, it is used in a variety of products, the most common of which is for wine stoppers. 
    Cork's elasticity combined with its near-impermeability makes it suitable as a material for bottle stoppers.
  • Question 5
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    The cells of the quiescent centre are characterized by
    Solution
    According to 'quiescent centre theory', root apical meristem is present as the tip of main root and has a biconvex quiescent centre in its centre which is characterized by presence of inactive cells with less number of cell organelles, light cytoplasm, small nuclei and low synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein caused by low frequency of cell division, mitosis. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
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    Collateral, open vascular bundle and eustele is present in
    Solution
    Dicot stem vascular bundles are eight in number, arranged in form of a broken ring. The vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open. Xylem is on the inner surface and phloem on the outer surface. Xylem is described as endarch. 
    Dicot root vascular bundles are described as radial and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. 
    Monocot root vascular bundles are radial in arrangement. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem. Hence, the condition is described as polyarch. Xylem is described as exarch. 
    Monocot stem vascular bundles are described as conjoint, collateral and closed. 
    Eustele is present in most of seed plant stems. Thus, option A is correct.
  • Question 7
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    Lysigenous cavity and 'Y'-shaped xylem occurs in
    Solution
    Lysigenous intercellular spaces is type of intercellular space arises through dissolution of entire cells, which are therefore called as lysigenous cavity. These cavities of intercellular spaces store up water, gases and essential oils in them. The examples are commonly found in water plants and many monocotyledonous stems. The secretory cavities in Eucalyptus, Citrus and Gossypium are good examples. In monocot stem the vascular bundle encloses both xylem and phloem. Xylem is found towards the inner surface and phloem towards the outer surface. Cambium is absent. Hence, the vascular bundles are described as conjoint, collateral and closed. In the xylem, there are two metaxylem and two protoxylem vessels arranged in the shape of Y. 
  • Question 8
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    Normally in dicot stems, phellogen develops from
    Solution
    In dicot stem, hypodermis is a region lying immediately below the epidermis. It is represented by a few layers of collenchyma cells with angular thickenings. The cells are compactly arranged without any intercellular spaces. Hypodermis provides mechanical support and additional protection. Phellogen is the secondary lateral meristem that may arise from permanant living cells of hypodermis or outer cortex. It is composed of single layer of meristematic cells. 
  • Question 9
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    Two cross-sections of stem and root appear similar, when viewed by naked eye. But under microscope, they can be differentiated by
    Solution
    Endarch is the arrangement in which the protoxylem is directed towards the centre and metaxylem elements towards the periphery. The development of the xylems in this arrangement follows the centrifugal pattern. It is the characteristics of the stem of flowering plants. 
    Whereas exarch is the arrangement in which the protoxylem is directed towards the periphery and metaxylem towards the centre. The development of the xylem in this arrangement follows the centripetal pattern. It is the characteristics of roots. Thus, option D is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Atactostele is found in
    Solution
    Monocot stems, in which the stele consists of many vascular bundles in a complex arrangement, are said to have an atactostele. 
    Atacostele is atype of eustele, found in monocots, in which the vascular tissue in the stem exists as scattered bundles. Thus, option B is correct. 
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