Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 6

The vascular bundles in Hordeum vulgare (barley) plant are scattered in ground tissues, many in number and vary in size-smaller towards periphery and bigger towards centre of the ground tissue, oval or rounded in outline, conjoint, collateral and closed.

The cells surrounding the stomata are called guard cells. The guard cells of inner side are thicker and that of outer side is comparatively thinner.

Opening and closing of stomatal pore of stomata is the function of guard cells. Change in osmotic potential cause the opening and closing of stomata.

Epidermal cells are present on both side of leaves. The lower side contain more stomata. The upper surface of leaf is called as adaxial epidermis.

Tyloses are balloon like in ingrowths in vessels developing from parenchyma cells through the pits of vessel wall of xylem of secondary heartwood.

In angiosperms, the main water and mineral transporting element is tracheids. Vessels also transport water and mineral in angiosperms.

The xylem in which protoxylemis outside and metaxylem is inside is called exarch xylem. This kind of xylem is found in roots of dicots.

In arborescent monocots stem, secondary cambium grows in hypodermal region for secondary growth that increase the girth of the stem.