Cell The Unit of Life Test

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 24

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The percentage of mitochondrial DNA in the cells is

A
10% of total cellular DNA

B
1% of total cellular DNA

C
2.5% of total cellular DNA

D
None of the above

Solution

In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is not only present in the nucleus but also in cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. The mitochondrial genome is built of 16,569 base pairs, whereas the nuclear genome is made of 3.3 billion DNA base pairs. In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, 5 such mtDNA molecules. Each human cell contains approximately 100 mitochondria, hence approximately 500 mtDNA molecules per human cell are present. Hence, mitochondria contain less than 1 percent of cellular DNA. Since the amount of DNA is variable and not fixed. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 2
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The amyloplasts look like

A
Proplastids

B
Elaioplast

C
Aleuroplast

D
Chloroplast

Solution

Plastids develop from colourless precursors called proplastids. Plastids have three parts green colour chloroplast, nongreen chromoplast and leucoplast. Leucoplasts are colourless plastids of various shapes. Their function is storage. One type of leucoplasts are amyloplasts that store starch.
Question 3
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Main function of amyloplast is

A
Water absorption

B
Light absorption

C
Fat accumulation

D
Starch accumulation

Solution

Plastids develop from colourless precursors called as proplastids. Plastids have three parts green chloroplast, non-green chromoplast and leucoplast. Leucoplasts are colourless plastids of various shapes. Their function is storage. One type of leucoplasts are amyloplasts that store starch.
Question 4
1 / -0

Prokaryotes are characterized by

A
A true nucleus with double layered nuclear membrane is absent.

B
Well developed nucleus with double layered nuclear membrane present.

C
Presence of cell wall made of mucopolysaccharides and absence of cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.

D
Autotrophic in nature and only DNA is present.

Solution

Prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles like nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplast. Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms, which reproduce through binary fission. In some cases, few prokaryotic organisms also reproduce by budding. Prokaryotic cells have a cell envelope, which generally consists of a capsule, cell wall (chitin and mucopolysaccharides), cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cytoplasm region or nucleoid region, ribosome, plasmids, pili and flagella. They are autotrophs, phototrophs, chemotrophs and heterotrophs.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Question 5
1 / -0

Rackers particles are found in

A
Chromosome

B
Mitochondria

C
Nucleus

D
Golgibody

Solution

The F$$_1$$ particles or oxysomes or Rackers particles are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane and allow passage of electrons from peri-mitochondrial space to the matrix and carry on ATP synthesis using the difference in free energy during transport of protons along the electrochemical gradient. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

In prokaryotes the genetic material is

A
Linear DNA with histones

B
Circular DNA with histones

C
Linear DNA without histones

D
Circular DNA without histones

Solution

Correct Option: D
Explanation:
The genetic material in prokaryote is circular type of DNA present in the cell centre called nucleoid. The cell is devoid of a proper nucleus and cell organelles.
Since there is no nucleus the cell is attached to the cell membrane and is in direct contact with the cytoplasm.

Question 7

1 / -0

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Microsomes- Participate in the process of photosynthesis

Lysosomes- Involved in synthesizing amino acids

Endoplasmic reticulum- Plays role in the formation of a new nuclear membrane during cell division

Centrosomes- Provide enzymes required in the digestive process

Solution

Correct Option: C

Explanation:

Cell Organelle	Function
Microsomes	Microsomes are obtained by reconstituting the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These are used in vitro to mimic the activity of the ER. They are also used as the source of monooxygenase enzymes.
Lysosomes	These are called the 'suicidal bags' of the cell as they are composed of hydrolytic enzymes which play a key role in degrading the obsolete and unwanted substances present in the cell and at times they can digest the entire cell as well. The hydrolytic enzymes are used for digesting the food obtained from the environment.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)	There are two types of ER namely, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). SER helps in the synthesis of lipids and steroids which are essential for the formation of all the biological membranes (like the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane) whereas, the Rough ER is involved in the production of proteins.
Centrosome	Centrosomes are composed of two centrioles arranged perpendicularly in a non-membrane bound fashion. They are responsible for the organisation of microtubules and form the spindle fibres which are essential for the division of the genetic material.

Thus, ER plays a key role in the formation of a new nuclear membrane during cell division.

Question 8
1 / -0

The most important function of endoplasmic reticulum is

A
Protein synthesis

B
Nourishing the nucleus

C
Secretion of materials

D
To give shape to the cell

Solution

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is abundant in cells engaged in active secretion. Proteins synthesized by ribosomes pass into the lumen of RER which acts as a channel through which secretory proteins pass.
Question 9
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The endoskeleton of cell is made up of

A
Cell wall

B
Endoplasmic reticulum

C
Cytoplasm

D
Mitochondria

Solution

Endoskeleton refers to the internal membrane system of a cell. The internal membrane system supports the cells like a skeletal system supports the body of an organism. The endomembrane system comprises of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome and plasma membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of membrane-lined channels found in all eukaryotic cells except mature erythrocytes. It constitutes more than 30 to 60 percent of total cell membranes and is the major component of the endomembrane system. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

In plants cells, the dictysomes are derived from

A
Endoplasmic reticulum

B
Plasma membrane

C
Mitochondria

D
Tonoplast

Solution

In plant cells, Golgi apparatus consists of a number of isolated units called as dictyosomes. The Golgi apparatus receives materials from the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum in the form of transitional vesicles. Transition vesicles migrate to the forming face of the Golgi bodies and fuse there with the existing cisternae and help in the organelle's growth.

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 24

Result

Cell The Unit of Life Test - 24

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Question 1

10% of total cellular DNA

1% of total cellular DNA

2.5% of total cellular DNA

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

Proplastids

Elaioplast

Aleuroplast

Chloroplast

Solution

Question 3

Water absorption

Light absorption

Fat accumulation

Starch accumulation

Solution

Question 4

A true nucleus with double layered nuclear membrane is absent.

Well developed nucleus with double layered nuclear membrane present.

Presence of cell wall made of mucopolysaccharides and absence of cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Autotrophic in nature and only DNA is present.

Solution

Question 5

Chromosome

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Golgibody

Solution

Question 6

Linear DNA with histones

Circular DNA with histones

Linear DNA without histones

Circular DNA without histones

Solution

Question 7

Microsomes- Participate in the process of photosynthesis

Lysosomes- Involved in synthesizing amino acids

Endoplasmic reticulum- Plays role in the formation of a new nuclear membrane during cell division

Centrosomes- Provide enzymes required in the digestive process

Solution

Question 8

Protein synthesis

Nourishing the nucleus

Secretion of materials

To give shape to the cell

Solution

Question 9

Cell wall

Endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Solution

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Plasma membrane

Mitochondria

Tonoplast

Solution

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