Cell The Unit of Life Test

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 32

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Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following cell organelles are non-membranous and found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

A
Lysosome

B
Vacuoles

C
Ribosome

D
Mitochondria

Solution

Ribosomes are non-membranous cell organelles that are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes they are of the 70S type while in the eukaryotes they are of the 80S type. A ribosome consists of a larger and a smaller unit. Each unit is made of rRNA and proteins.
So, the correct answer is 'Ribosome'
Question 2
1 / -0

Genophore of a prokaryote is

A
RNA core

B
Supercoiled DNA

C
Proteins

D
All of the above

Solution

A genophore is the genetic material of a prokaryote. It is commonly referred to as a prokaryotic chromosome which consists of supercoiled DNA. The genophore is compacted through a mechanism known as supercoiling. The nucleoid is an irregularly shaped region which consists genophore in prokaryotic cells.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
1 / -0

Endoplasmic reticulum passes its products to the Golgi complex through which of the following?

A
Simple diffusion

B
Direct communication

C
Transition vesicles

D
Both B and C

Solution

A Golgisome has a central stack of 4-8 curved but parallel membrane-lined narrow sacs called as cisternae. They are similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Cisternae bear a network of tubules and vesicles on their outer edges. Golgi apparatus receives materials from the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum in the form of transitional vesicles. The movement may occur through vesicles that bud off from one cisternal edge to the next and so on. The movement of proteins and membranes between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex can be through direct contact also without involving any vesicles and diffusion process.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
1 / -0

The endoplasmic reticular membrane is continuous in

A
Plasma membrane

B
Nuclear membrane

C
Membrane of Golgi

D
All of the above

Solution

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotic cells except mature erythrocytes. ER is of two type smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found at the periphery of the cell i.e., towards the plasma membrane and they are devoid of ribosomes. Rough endoplasmic reticulum has rough surface due to the presence of ribosome and they are present towards the nucleus and attached with the karyotheca and the membrane of Golgi apparatus. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Abundant Ca$$^{2+}$$ ions are stored in which of the following?

A
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

B
ER of nerve fibres

C
Both A and B

D
None of the above

Solution

Calcium ions take part in generation, conduction and reception of stimulus. The calcium ions balance is crucial for maintenance of responsivity of certain cells like calcium and nerve cells. Calcium ions are stored in the endoplasmic reticulum of nerve and muscle cells. The endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells storing calcium are called sarcoplasmic reticulum. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
1 / -0

Each F$$_1$$ particle is differentiated into

A
Base piece and stalk

B
Stalk and head piece

C
Base piece and tail

D
Tail and head piece

Solution

The inner mitochondrial membrane carries a number of oxysomes. Oxysomes take part in ATP production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation. They are, therefore, the functional units of mitochondria. Each oxysome or elementary particle or F$$_{0}$$-F$$_{1}$$particle has a stalk and a head. The headpiece carries the active site for ATP synthesis while stalk provides a channel for the flow of protons.
Question 7
1 / -0

Through which of the following are the ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum?

A
rRNA

B
mRNA

C
Ribophorins

D
All of the above

Solution

Membranes of endoplasmic reticulum bear ribosomes when ER is called as rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is abundant in cells engaged in active secretion. Attachment between ribosome and endoplasmic reticulum is through 'signal recognition particle' or SRP linked to 60S subunit of ribosome and SRP receptor or ribophorin present over ER.
Question 8
1 / -0

What are the fragments of endoplasmic reticulum called?

A
Microtubules

B
Microsomes

C
Spherosomes

D
Lysosomes

Solution

The endoplasmic reticulum is a system of membrane-lined channels found in all eukaryotic cells except mature erythrocytes. During cell fractionation and subsequent ultracentrifugation, broken pieces of endoplasmic reticulum appear as microsomes. Microsomes are the fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum that are attached with the ribosomes when obtained by the centrifugation of homogenized cells.
Question 9
1 / -0

Mitochondria

A
Are semi-autonomous

B
Do not obey universal genetic code

C
Have their own DNA

D
All of the above

Solution

Mitochondria is the semi-autonomous organelle because they have their own DNA and protein synthesizing machinery. They can undergo fission and are not dependent on nucleus solely for their duplication. The mitochondrial DNA has several exceptions to the universal genetic code. For example, for most organisms, the stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA.

In vertebrate mitochondria AGA and AGG are also the stop codons, but not UGA, which codes for tryptophan instead. AUA codes for isoleucine in most organisms but for methionine in vertebrate mitochondrial mRNA. There are many other variations among the codes used by other mitochondrial RNA.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

What is the major function of ER?

A
Fatty acid synthesis

B
Steroid and cholesterol synthesis

C
Polypeptide formation

D
All of the above

Solution

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the membrane bound organelle. It is of two types rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. When ER is attached with ribosome called as granular or rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is abundant in cells engaged in active secretion and involves in the formation of the polypeptide into the lumen of ER.
Endoplasmic reticulum without attached ribosome is called as an agranular or smooth endoplasmic reticulum or SER. It is engaged in producing different types of lipids. SER also takes part in the synthesis of vitamins and carbohydrates and detoxification. SER occurs in adipose tissue, muscle cells, glycogen metabolising liver cells, steroid hormones (eg :testosterone and progesterone) synthesizing cells, retinal cells, leukocytes etc. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 32

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 32

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Lysosome

Vacuoles

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Solution

Question 2

RNA core

Supercoiled DNA

Proteins

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Simple diffusion

Direct communication

Transition vesicles

Both B and C

Solution

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Nuclear membrane

Membrane of Golgi

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

ER of nerve fibres

Both A and B

None of the above

Solution

Question 6

Base piece and stalk

Stalk and head piece

Base piece and tail

Tail and head piece

Solution

Question 7

rRNA

mRNA

Ribophorins

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

Microtubules

Microsomes

Spherosomes

Lysosomes

Solution

Question 9

Are semi-autonomous

Do not obey universal genetic code

Have their own DNA

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

Fatty acid synthesis

Steroid and cholesterol synthesis

Polypeptide formation

All of the above

Solution

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