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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 33

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 33
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Endoplasmic reticulum is called as
    Solution
    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is an internal system of membranes. It is continuous with the nuclear envelope. Endoplasmic reticulum in which ribosomal granules are applied to the cytoplasmic surface of the cisternae; involved in the synthesis and secretion of protein through membrane-bound vesicles and thus, called as ergastoplasm. The ER secretes proteins with the help of transport vesicles or vacuoles thus called as a vacuolar system.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In humans, mitochondria will be most abundant amongst the following 
    Solution
    Mitochondria are cell organelles concerned with the process of aerobic respiration. Of all the cells in human body, its the heart muscle cells with about 5,000 mitochondria per cell that contain far more mitochondria than any other organ in human body. The number of mitochondria reflects the energy requirement of a cell. Heart muscle cells have extra-special demand for ATP to keep the heart pumping. The number of the mitochondria varies with the cell type and functional stage. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Lysosomes are considered as 'suicidal bags' because of
    Solution
    • The lysosome is essentially a sphere of lipoprotein membrane containing hydrolytic enzymes. 
    • The membrane insulates the enzymes from the rest of the cell. If the plasma membrane gets ruptured or the pH of the cell get decreases then the enzymes are released from the lysosome and lyse or digest the cell contents and, hence, lysosomes are sometimes called suicidal bags. 
    • The process of digestion of the lysosomes is known as phagocytosis. The lysosomes digest the complex molecules by breaking them into simpler molecules. The process is known as catabolism.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Single-membrane structure is
    Solution
    Lysosomes are small vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes and surrounded by a single membrane of up to 100nm in thickness. They were discovered by Christian de Duve in 1955. They are formed by Golgi apparatus and contain some 60 different types of hydrolytic enzymes. Nucleus, chloroplast and mitochondria are covered by a double membrane. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the possible routes of mitochondrial genesis?
    Solution
    Mitochondrial biogenesis is the formation of new mitochondria from pre-existing mitochondria and precursor. It is produced from the transcription and translation of genes both in the nuclear genome and in the mitochondrial genome. The majority of mitochondrial protein comes from the nuclear genome, while the mitochondrial genome encodes most parts of the electron transport chain along with mitochondrial rRNA and tRNA. The parts of mitochondria is assembled by the De novo pathway. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following reaction does not take place in the organelle, that is referred to as power house of the cell?
    Solution
    Mitochondria is called as the power house of cell because energy production through aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria. The process of energy production in mitochondria can be divided into parts - Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Fumaric acid hydration is catalyzed by an enzyme fumarase during Krebs cycle and cytochrome oxidation is catalyzed by cytochrome oxidase during oxidative phosphorylation. Glycine decarboxylation is also carried out by mitochondria. Glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenation is carried out by the enzyme glyceraldehyde - 3 - phosphate dehydrogenase. This reaction is catalyzed during glycolysis in the cytoplasm of a cell. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    Out of the following, select the correct match for the label given in the figure.

    Solution
    A is the chloroplast. They are green coloured plastids, which comprises green coloured pigments within the plant cell and are called chlorophyll.
    B is the cell wall. It is the tough, flexible, sometimes rigid outer covering of the cell outside the cell membrane. It gives support, protection and acts as filtering mechanism.
    C is the vacuole. It have a simple structure and are surrounded by a thin membrane and filled with fluid and molecules they take in.
    D is nuclear pore. Nuclear pore is a protein-lines channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates the transportation of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
    E is rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to produce proteins. It is made of cisternae which are together held by a cytoskeleton.
    F is plasma membrane. Plasma membrane is made up of  proteins and lipids and it protects the cell from its surroundings.
    G is the centriole. They are paired barrel shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cell near nuclear envelope and they plays a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system.
    H is mitochondria. It is a double membrane bound organelle found mostly in eukaryotes. Their function is to generate ATP and thus to produce energy.
    So, the correct option is (A).
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Identify the correct statement with respect to ribosomes.
    Solution
    Ribosomes are submicroscopic polypeptide manufacturing naked granular nucleoprotein organelles which were first seen by Claude in 1941. Cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotes are of 80S type (made up of two subunits of 60S and 40 S type) while their organellar and prokaryotic ribosomes are of 70 S type (made up of two subunits of 50S and 30S type). Magnesium ion is essential for binding the ribosome subunits. The value is 1 to 2 mM for eukaryotes and 0.5 mM in prokaryotes. The subunits separate below this concentration. Disintegration occurs at a magnesium ion level 0.5 mM  in eukaryotes and below 0.3 mM in prokaryotes. The ribosomes form dimers when magnesium ion concentration is high.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    What is mitoplast?
    Solution
    Mitochondria is a large cell organelle of eukaryotic cells. It is covered by a double membrane envelope. Mitoplast term is used to denote inner membrane and matrix of mitochondria as formed during subfractionation, when the outer membrane is dissolved with the help of detergent digitonin.
    So, the correct answer is 'Mitochondria from which outer membrane is stripped off'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The leucoplasts are
    Solution
    In plants, plastids are of three types - leucoplasts, chromoplasts and chloroplasts. Leucoplasts are colourless plastids of various shape that generally occur in non-green plant cells near the nucleus and stores starch and oils.
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