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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 57

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 57
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In prokaryotes, mitochondria are absent. Krebs cycle occurs in
    Solution
    A prokaryotic cell like bacteria is typically devoid of membrane bound cell organelles. In such cells, biochemical activities like production of energy through Krebs cycle occurs on mesosomes. Mesosomes are complex infoldings of bacterial plasma membrane which increase biosynthetic area in a bacterial cell which is otherwise devoid of cell organelles.
    Thus, the correct answer is Plasma membrane.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Polyribosomes are aggregates of
    Solution
    • When several ribosomes are held together on a single mRNA chain and can translate an mRNA simultaneously are called polyribosomes or polysomes.
    • All the ribosomes can translate the mRNA and thus, many polypeptides chains are formed simultaneously from a single mRNA.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Several ribosomes held together by string of mRNA.'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Dense fibrous complex lying adjacent to inner membrane of nuclear envelope is
    Solution
    • The nuclear membrane or karyotheca is a double membrane having pores at intervals.
    • The nuclear membrane on its inside has a supporting membrane called the nuclear lamina or the fibrous lamina having a uniform thickness.
    • It is a dense network of fibres present inside the nucleus of cells and are made up of intermediate filaments and membrane-associated proteins.
    • It provides mechanical support to the nucleus and also regulates DNA replication and cell division 
    • So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C.'
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Components of nucleus are
    Solution
    The main components of the nucleus are-
    1) Nucleolemma or nuclear membrane or karyotheca- is a limiting membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and transports important material between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
    2) Nucleolus is a spherical dark structure present inside the nucleus
    3) Chromatin is genetic material made of DNA and histone protein
    4) Nuclear matrix or nucleoplasm is  semifluid homogenous substance
    Hence the correct option is A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Ribosome units are synthesised in a eukaryotic cell inside
    Solution
    • Ribosomes are known as protein factories because they are the main site of protein synthesis. 
    • They are composed of ribonucleic acids and proteins.
    • The eukaryotic ribosomes are the 80S type (with 60S- large subunit and 40S- small subunit.
    • In a eukaryotic cell, ribosome synthesis takes place both in the cytoplasm of the cell as well as in the nucleolus present within the cell nucleus.
    • The genes that codes for ribosomal proteins are transcribed in the cytoplasm and are then transported to the nucleolus, 
    • In the nucleolus, the transcription and processing of rRNA take place and it also helps in assembling the ribosome. 
    • So, the correct answer is 'Nucleolus'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which part of the prokaryotic cell contain N-acetylglucosamine?
    Solution
    Option (B) 
    The cell wall is the part of the prokaryotic cell which contains N  acetyl glucosamine. It's a bond between glucosamine and the acetic acid and is significant in cell walls.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which organelle is absent in animal cell?
    Solution
    • The chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll (green pigment) within the thylakoid membranes of the organelle.
    • This organelle is present in the green parts of plants where photosynthesis takes place.
    • The chlorophyll pigment captures the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy and thus, helps in the process of photosynthesis.
    • This organelle is absent in an animal cell.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Chloroplasts'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes
    Solution
    • The endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) is an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structure which are evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
    • Smooth endoplasmic is not studded with ribosomes.
    • Its main function includes- the synthesis of lipids and is also involved in the production of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex and endocrine glands.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Steroids and lipids'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Lysosomes are so called as they have
    Solution
    • Lysosomes are so called as they have digestive enzymes.
    • Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles which are capable of breaking down biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids.
    • They contain acid hydrolases or digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, engulfed viruses or bacteria and macromolecules.
    • They can also digest or damage its own cell causing the cell death (autolysis).
    • So, the correct answer is 'Digestive enzymes'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Outer and inner membranes of mitochondria are
    Solution
    • The mitochondria is a double-membraned cell organelle, known as the powerhouse of the cell which is present in all eukaryotic cells.
    • It has an outer membrane and an inner membrane.
    1) The inner mitochondrial membrane has folds called cristae which helps in increasing the surface area.
    • The enzyme ATP synthase is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane helps in the synthesis of ATP molecule (energy currency of the cell).
    • It is also the site of the electron transport chain (aerobic respiration).
    2) The outer mitochondria membrane is a phospholipid bilayer embedded with integral proteins.
    • This layer contains porins that allow the movement of molecules across them(10,000 Daltons or less).
    •  It is permeable to water, ions and few proteins to move freely into the inter mitochondrial space.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Structurally and functionally dissimilar'.
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