Cell The Unit of Life Test

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 73

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Question 1
1 / -0

Cell organelle responsible for autolysis is

A
Dictyosome

B
Lysosome

C
Peroxisome

D
Glyoxysome

Solution

Autolysis is caused by the lysosomal enzymes, plays a role in the disappearance of tail during the metamorphosis of frog's tadpole, and in softening of gum tissue to allow eruption of teeth in vertebrates. For autolysis, enzymes of primary lysosomes are released from the cell.
So, the correct answer is 'Lysosome'.
Question 2
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Which of the following not represents the features of lysosomes?

A
A lower pH than the cytoplasm

B
Reduced hydrolase activity

C
Double membrane envelope

D
All of the above
Solution
- The interior of lysosomes is acidic (about pH4.8 to 5) compared with the slightly basic (about pH 7.2) cytosol.
- Lysosomes are single membrane organelles.
- All of the lysosomal enzymes are acid hydrolases, which are active at the acidic ph (about 5) that is maintained within lysosomes.
- The requirement of these lysosomal hydrolases for acidic pH provides double protection against uncontrolled digestion of the contents of the cytosol.
- So, the correct answer is " Double membrane envelope ".
Question 3
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Which group of organelles is involved in synthesis of substances needed by cell?

A
Lysosome, vacuole, ribosome

B
Vacuole, RER, SER

C
Ribosome, RER, SER

D
RER, lysosome, vacuole

Solution

'Ribosomes, Rough endoplasmic reticulum, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum' are the group of organelles involved in the synthesis of substances needed by the cell.
So, the correct option is, 'Ribosome, RER, SER'.
Question 4
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Select the correct option:
Mesosomes are the infoldings of cell membrane, which
(i) are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
(ii) help in cell wall formation, DNA replication and respiration.
(iii) increase the surface area of plasma membrane.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(ii) and (iii)

C
(i) and (iii)

D
(i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution

Mesosomes are present only in prokaryotes.
So, the correct answer is '(ii) and (iii)'
Question 5
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Lysosomes are _________ vesicular structures formed by the process of packaging in the _________.

A
Membrane bound, Golgi apparatus

B
Non-membrane bound, Golgi apparatus

C
Membrane bound, ER

D
Non-membrane bound, ER

Solution

Lysosomes are single membrane bound vesicles which contain hydrolytic enzymes. They are believed to be formed by the joint activity of ER and Golgi complex. Precursors of hydrolytic enzymes are synthesised at RER and are transferred to the forming face of Golgi complex. These precursors are then changed to enzymes. Enzymes are then packed in larger vesicles and are pinched off at maturing face. These vesicles combine with endosomes to produce lysosomes
So, the correct answer is 'Membrane bound, Golgi apparatus'
Question 6
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A piece of liver tissue is homogenized in a laboratory and the homogenate is subjected to sequential centrifugation at increasing speeds (expressed in xg). Centrifugation is used to separate sub-cellular components based on size and density. The steps carried out in the experiment are shown.
Sediments $$1, 2$$ and $$3$$ would most likely contain.

A
$$1$$: Nuclei, $$2$$: Ribosomes, $$3$$: Mitochondria

B
$$1$$: Nuclei, $$2$$: Mitochondria, $$3$$: Lysosomes

C
$$1$$: Lysosomes, $$2$$: Mitochondria, $$3$$: Nuclei

D
$$1$$: Ribosomes, $$2$$: Nuclei, $$3$$: Mitochondria

Solution

Centrifugation is used to separate sub-cellular components based on size and density. The greater the density, the faster it move. Differential centrifugation applies different speed in order to separate different sub-cellular component from the homogenate. When a homogenized liver tissue is centrifuged at 500 xg, the heaviest sub-cellular components will settle first, that is nuclei. When the supernatant is again centrifuged at 10000 xg, the second heavier sub-cellular component will settle, that is mitochondria. When the supernatant is centrifuged at very high speed of 25000 xg, the lightest sub-cellular component will settle, that is lysosomes.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

As they release hydrolase that digest old and damaged cells, the term suicide bags is aptly used by cell biologists for

A
Golgi bodies

B
Lysosomes

C
Glyoxysomes

D
Peroxisomes

Solution

The lysosomes may be called "suicide bags" of the cell in view of their autolytic role, or "disposal units" of the cell because they digest the incoming food materials and remove the foreign bodies, toxic molecules, and debris; or "recycling centres" as they break down worn out and defective cells and cell organelles to component molecules for building new organelles and cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Lysosomes'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Read the given statements.
(i) Flat membranous sacs in stroma of chloroplasts
(ii) Infoldings in mitochondria
(iii) Disc shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus
Select the correct option as per the codes given above.

A
$$Cristae - (iii), Cisternae - (i), Thylakoids - (ii)$$

B
$$Cristae - (i), Cisternae - (ii), Thylakoids - (iii)$$

C
$$Cristae - (ii), Cisternae - (iii), Thylakoids - (i)$$

D
$$Cristae - (iii), Cisternae - (ii), Thylakoids - (i)$$

Solution

(i) Flat membranous sacs in stroma of chloroplasts - Thylakoids
(ii) Infoldings in mitochondria - Cristae
(iii) Disc-shaped sacs in Golgi apparatus - Cisternae
So, the correct answer is (c).
Question 9
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The presence or absence of certain sub-cellular components in the cells of three organisms (P, Q and R) is given.
Sub-cellular component P Q R
Ribosomes present present present
Mitochondria present absent present
Mitochondria present absent present
Lysosomes present absent present
Vacuoles many small-sized absent single large-sized
P, Q and R could most likely be.

A
P: frog, Q: E. coli, R: garlic

B
P: rat, Q: yeast, R: onion

C
P: E.coli, Q: Paramecium, R: mushroom

D
P: Spirogyra, Q: Bacillus, R: yeast

Solution

Based on the given data, following interpretations can be made:
1. The cells of P have all the cell organelles which mean it must be a eukaryote and many small-sized vacuoles indicate that it must be an animal.
2. The cells of Q have only ribosomes and no cell organelle which means it must be a bacteria.
3. The cells of R have all the cell organelles which mean it must be a eukaryote and single large-sized vacuole indicates that it must be a plant.
Hence, P could be the frog, Q could be E. coli. and R could be Garlic.
So, the correct answer is A.
Question 10
1 / -0

__________ are granular structures first observed under electron microscope as dense particles by ______ $$(1955)$$.

A
Ribosomes, George Palade

B
Ribosomes, Perner

C
Lysosomes, de Duve

D
Peroxisomes, de Duve

Solution

Ribosomes are granular structures which were discovered by Robinson and Brown $$(1953)$$ in plant cell and by Palade $$(1955)$$ in animal cell. Palade $$(1955)$$ also coined the term ribosomes hence, they are also called Palade particlkes. Ribosomes occur in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Ribosomes, George Palade'.

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Sub-cellular component	P	Q	R
Ribosomes	present	present	present
Mitochondria	present	absent	present
Mitochondria	present	absent	present
Lysosomes	present	absent	present
Vacuoles	many small-sized	absent	single large-sized

Cell The Unit of Life Test - 73

Result

Cell The Unit of Life Test - 73

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Question 1

Dictyosome

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Glyoxysome

Solution

Question 2

A lower pH than the cytoplasm

Reduced hydrolase activity

Double membrane envelope

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Lysosome, vacuole, ribosome

Vacuole, RER, SER

Ribosome, RER, SER

RER, lysosome, vacuole

Solution

Question 4

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(i) and (iii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution

Question 5

Membrane bound, Golgi apparatus

Non-membrane bound, Golgi apparatus

Membrane bound, ER

Non-membrane bound, ER

Solution

Question 6

$$1$$: Nuclei, $$2$$: Ribosomes, $$3$$: Mitochondria

$$1$$: Nuclei, $$2$$: Mitochondria, $$3$$: Lysosomes

$$1$$: Lysosomes, $$2$$: Mitochondria, $$3$$: Nuclei

$$1$$: Ribosomes, $$2$$: Nuclei, $$3$$: Mitochondria

Solution

Question 7

Golgi bodies

Lysosomes

Glyoxysomes

Peroxisomes

Solution

Question 8

$$Cristae - (iii), Cisternae - (i), Thylakoids - (ii)$$

$$Cristae - (i), Cisternae - (ii), Thylakoids - (iii)$$

$$Cristae - (ii), Cisternae - (iii), Thylakoids - (i)$$

$$Cristae - (iii), Cisternae - (ii), Thylakoids - (i)$$

Solution

Question 9

P: frog, Q: E. coli, R: garlic

P: rat, Q: yeast, R: onion

P: E.coli, Q: Paramecium, R: mushroom

P: Spirogyra, Q: Bacillus, R: yeast

Solution

Question 10

Ribosomes, George Palade

Ribosomes, Perner

Lysosomes, de Duve

Peroxisomes, de Duve

Solution

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