Cell The Unit of Life Test

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 85

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Question 1
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Different parts of human body perform different function. Human body has heart to pump blood, stomach to digest food, skeletal muscles to perform movement and locomotion and so on. Heart has a special type of muscle cells called cardiac muscles which contract rapidly, rhythmically and tirelessly; they never get fatigue during life time of an organism. Stomach has special cells such as mucous cells to secrete mucus for lubricating the food, zymogen cells (or Chief cells) to secrete a proenzyme of protein digestive enzyme, the pepsin, called pepsiogen, parietal cells or oxyntic cells to secrete hydrochloric acid (CHl) activating pepsinogen into functional pepsin and also for killing germs of food. Skeletal muscles are striated and voluntary muscles, i.e., their contraction depends on your will or control. Due to this property of skeletal muscle cells, you are able to move your hands and ten fingers in the desired ways.
Like the human body, the cell has got division of labour. In fact, each cell has got certain specific components within it known as cell organelles. Each kind of cell organelle performs a special function, e.g., making of new material in the cell such as protein synthesis by ribosomes, food (glucose/ starch) synthesized by chloroplasts, clearing up the waste substances from the cell by the lysosomes, etc. Thus, a cell is able to live and perform its functions because of these organelles. These organelles together constitute the basic building blocks called the cells. Quite interestingly all cells are organised to have the same basic structure, no matter what their function is or what organism they are found in.

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Which part of cell cleans the waste substances present in it?

A
Ribosomes

B
Vacuoles

C
Lysosomes

D
Golgi bodies
Question 2
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Identify the incorrect statement from the following:

A
Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus.

B
Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and protein respectively.

C
Mitochondria is related with the destruction of plasma membrane.

D
All of the above.

Solution

Nucleoid is the structure present in prokaryotic cells where there are no membrane bound organelles. The function of rough endoplasmic reticulum is to perform the synthesis of proteins and transport of many biochemical compounds in a cell. It is made up of a system of tubules, vesicles and cisternae and on the surface, it has ribosomes which make it appear rough hence its name. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is closely similar to the rough endoplasmic reticulum but it does not have ribosomes on its surface and hence, it appears smooth. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (abbreviated SER) has functions in several metabolic processes. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids and steroids. Cells which secrete these products, such as those in the testes, ovaries and skin oil glands have a great deal of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the membrane biogenesis whereas mitochondria in involved in the formation of energy in the form of ATP. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
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Animal cells differ from plant cells due to absence of _________.

A
Cell membrane

B
Plastid

C
Cell wall

D
Both B and C
Solution
- Cells are the building blocks by which living things are made. Though all cells nearly have the same basic structure, the plant cell and the animal cell vary in some characteristic features.
- Plastids and cell walls are seen only in plant cells.
- The cell membrane is seen in both plant and animal cells.
Hence, the correct option is D.
Question 4
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Maximum number of mitochondria are found in

A
Chaos chaos

B
Typanosoma

C
Oocyte

D
Oocyte of sea urchin

Solution

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cell organelles involved in aerobic respiration. Mitochondria are absent from anaerobic cells and red blood corpuscles. A single tubular or often twisted mitochondria occurs in yeast, Microasterias, Trypanosoma and Chlorella. 20 to 24 mitochondria occurs in sperms, 300 to 400 in kidney cells, 500 to 1000 in liver cells, 50,000 in giant amoeba Chaos chaos and 500,000 in flight muscles cells of birds. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
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The term 'mitochondria' was introduced by

A
Benda

B
Altmann

C
Bensley and Horr

D
Wagner

Solution

Mitochondria were discovered by Kolliker (1880) in striated muscles of insects and given the present name by Benda (1898). Mitochondria were called sarcomeres by Kolliker (1880), fila by Flemming (1882) and bioblasts by Altman (1890).
So, the correct answer is 'Benda'.
Question 6
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An approximate number of mitochondria in a striated muscle cell is

A
2000 - 3000

B
30,000 - 40,000

C
3,00,0000

D
300 - 600

Solution

Mitochondria generate ATP, hence they are more numerous in cells that use large amounts of energy such as striated muscle and cells engaged in fluid and electrolyte transport. A Large number of mitochondria per cell are also found in the tissue where energy is needed such as the liver, kidney, and structures like sperm. The number of mitochondria per cell is variable. Endurance exercise-training results in an increase in the size and number of mitochondria in the skeletal muscles that are involved in the exercise. The numerical increase reach a maximum of 30,000 per cell.
Question 7
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Which part of the cell helps the transfer of material from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A
Nuclear pores

B
Chromatin fibres

C
DNA

D
None of the above

Solution

DNA is a long polynucleotide strand, coiled to make chromatin fibres to fit into the cell. It also helps to prevent DNA damage. It is situated in the nucleus.
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is bound by a double membrane envelope. This envelope of the nucleus is called as nuclear envelope. It possesses openings at certain intervals called as 'nuclear pore'. Nuclear pores are large protein complexes molecule in the nuclear envelope. It is involved in regulation and transfer of material from nucleus and cytoplasm. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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Which of the following statement regarding mitochondrial membrane is not correct?

A
The outer membrane resembles a sieve.

B
The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules.

C
The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane.

D
The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings.

Solution

The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria
So, the correct answer is 'The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane.'
Question 9
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Ribosomal dimer is formed by which of the following?

A
Increasing Mg$$^{++}$$ concentration

B
Decreasing Mg$$^{++}$$ concentration

C
Increasing NaCl concentration

D
Both A and C

Solution

Ribosomes are of two basic types 70S and 80S ribosomes. The 30S and 50S subunits of a ribosome together make up a 70S ribosome. The 80S ribosomes consist of a large 60S subunit and a small 40S subunit. Metal ions chiefly, magnesium ions, play an important role in holding the two subunits together and also in maintaining the structure of the two subunits.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
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Which of the following is an important function attributed to lysosomes?

A
Bone restoration

B
Reabsorption in kidney and urinary bladder

C
Scavenging of worn out cells

D
All of the above

Solution

Lysosome is the small bu important organelle which consists hydrolytic enzyme for digestion. Lysosomal hydrolases are involved in bone erosion. Bone consists of a matrix of collagen fibres and minerals in which are embedded osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. The multinucleate osteoclasts are especially rich in lysosomal hydrolases and have been involved in the breakdown of the calcified bone matrix. Normally, there is a balance between resorption and deposition of bone substance.
There has been observed a number of lysosomal marker enzymes and vesicles in kidney, urinary bladder and brush border of renal tubules. These lysosomal vesicles appear to be involved with uptake and catabolism of specific proteins and formation of endocytic vesicles.
Lysosome is also called as autophagy as worn out or defective organelles are digested in the autophagic vesicles or lysosome. The products of digestion are used in the biosynthesis of cellular constituents. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 85

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 85

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Question 1

Ribosomes

Vacuoles

Lysosomes

Golgi bodies

Question 2

Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and protein respectively.

Mitochondria is related with the destruction of plasma membrane.

All of the above.

Solution

Question 3

Cell membrane

Plastid

Cell wall

Both B and C

Solution

Question 4

Chaos chaos

Typanosoma

Oocyte

Oocyte of sea urchin

Solution

Question 5

Benda

Altmann

Bensley and Horr

Wagner

Solution

Question 6

2000 - 3000

30,000 - 40,000

3,00,0000

300 - 600

Solution

Question 7

Nuclear pores

Chromatin fibres

DNA

None of the above

Solution

Question 8

The outer membrane resembles a sieve.

The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules.

The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane.

The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings.

Solution

Question 9

Increasing Mg$$^{++}$$ concentration

Decreasing Mg$$^{++}$$ concentration

Increasing NaCl concentration

Both A and C

Solution

Question 10

Bone restoration

Reabsorption in kidney and urinary bladder

Scavenging of worn out cells

All of the above

Solution

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