Cell The Unit of Life Test

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Cell The Unit of Life Test - 90

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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What is the difference in the vacuoles of both plant and animal cells?

A
Animal cells- contain only waste, Plant cells- contain only water

B
Animal cells- small vacuoles, Plant cells- vacuoles make up 90% of cell

C
Animal cells- vacuoles make up 90% of cell, Plant cells- small vacuoles

D
Animal cells- contain only water, Plant cells- contain only waste

E
Vacuoles are the same in both, Plant and animal cells

Solution

Explanation: In plant cells, central vacuole is larger than all of the other organelles, which makes up to 90% of cell. In animal cells, small vacuoles are present.
Question 2
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The fact that nucleus possessed the ability to control phenotype was first determined by

A
Experiments with radiolabelled phages

B
Experiments with bacteria that identified DNA polymerase

C
Transformation experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae

D
Identification of restriction endonucleases

E
Grafting experiments with Acetabularia

Solution

Acetabularia consists of a rootlike holdfast, a long, cylindrical stalk; and a cuplike cap. The nucleus is present in the holdfast. Acetabularia exhibits regeneration of the cap after any injury. A. mediterranea has a smooth cap and A. crenulata, has a cap with fingerlike projections. Danish biologist J. Hämmerling and Belgian biologist J. Brachet performed grafting experiment on above mentioned species and showed that type of caps that regenerated were determined by the type of the donor species of the holdfasts, not by those donating the stalks. It was concluded, that nucleus in the holdfast of Acetabularia controls the shape of the caps. The correct answer is E.
Question 3
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A technique used for the separation of materials according to their relative masses is known as centrifugation. Heavier substances will sink to the bottom while those with less mass will float. Name the cellular organelle concentrated at the top of the centrifuged mixture of a cell culture on the basis of density gradient centrifugation.

A
Nuclei

B
Endoplasmic reticulum

C
Mitochondria

D
Ribosomes

E
Membrane-bound proteins

Solution

The organelles of the cell differ with each other due to their various shape and size. These are separated from the whole cell for further analysis of specific parts. On differential centrifugation, the cellular components. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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The most common thing, between the webbed fingers and toes in humans and the development of cancer cells is

A
Both are caused by excessive cell growth

B
Both are caused by a loss of apoptosis

C
Both are a result of exposure to carcinogenic compounds

D
Both are caused by excessive fat-soluble vitamin levels

E
Both are caused by infections from cancer-associated viruses

Solution

Apoptosis is programmed cell death. Webbed fingers and toes are abnormal conditions, caused by the absence of apoptosis at the 16$$^{th}$$ week of gestation, that dissolve the tissues between fingers and toes. Apoptosis leads to removal of old cells and their replacement by new cells. The Lack of apoptosis causes uncontrolled cell proliferation and finally leads to cancer. So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
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A student examined two different groups of cells and made the following observations.
Trait
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell wall Present Present
Ribosomes Present Present
Nucleus Absent Present
Ability to photosynthesize Present Absent
Cell respiration Present Present
Which of the following conclusion can be made from these observations?

A
Cell I is more complex in its organization than cell II.

B
Cell I is a prokaryote.

C
The ancestors of cell II appeared earlier in the fossil record than the ancestors of cell I.

D
Cell II does not have a cell membrane.

E
Both groups of cells are from plants.
Solution
- Option A is incorrect as cell I lack nucleus which means that cell I is primitive type as compared to the cell II which has the nucleus.
- Option B is correct as a lack of nucleus makes the cell I prokaryotic cell.
- Option C is incorrect as earliest life forms were autotrophs while cell II lacks photosynthesizing ability which makes it heterotroph.
- Option D is incorrect as both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have the cell membrane.
- Option E is incorrect as cell II is heterotroph (lack photosynthesis) and hence is not from the plant while cell I show photosynthesis but is prokaryotic which rules out its possibility of being plant cell.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
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The given table depicts the observations of three different cell types under a microscope.
Cell type
Nucleus
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
A
No
Yes
No
B
Yes
Yes
No
C
Yes
Yes
Yes

The rate of growth of the three cell types was measured by growing them in separate cultures in a plenty of oxygen and nutrient conditions. There was no oxygen available to the cells at time 1.
According to the table, cell type A is

A
Fungi

B
Plant

C
Bacteria

D
Animal

E
Protist

Solution

Since A cell does not have a nucleus, it is a prokaryote. The cell A is showing increased population in absence of oxygen which means that it is anaerobic bacteria. This makes option C correct
Question 7
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How does erythromycin block protein synthesis in bacteria without harming its eukaryotic host?

A
Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

B
Eukaryotic DNA is linear, while prokaryotic DNA is circular.

C
In prokaryotes, translation can occur at the same time as transcription.

D
There is much more space within a eukaryotic cell than within a prokaryotic cell.

E
Prokaryotes have ribosomes that are much smaller and simpler than eukaryotes.

Solution

Erythromycin is an antibiotic that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are target specific and can acts on simple and small cells like prokaryotes. When the erythromycin is injected into the host cell it penetrates the bacterial cell in host and bind with ribosome that blocks the protein synthesis and thus, inhibits there growth. Thus, the correct answer is option E.
Question 8
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Formation of polysome does not require

A
rRNA

B
mRNA

C
tRNA

D
snRNA

Solution

A polyribosome is also called as polysome. This structure is formed by the complex of two or more ribosomes. This structure is used to translate the mRNA meolecule to form many polypeptide chains. These type of ribosomal structures are useful for the translation of the types of RNA like the mRNA, tRNA and the rRNA. The polysomes are not required for the translation of the snRNA. snRNA are the small nuclear RNA structures which are confined to the nucleus. They are involved in the splicing processes. There is no activity of the polysome on these type of RNA.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
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If mitochondria isolated from a cell are first placed without carbon source in a buffer at pH $$8.0$$ and then transferred to a buffer at pH $$4$$, it will lead to

A
An increase in intro-mitochondria acidity

B
A decrease in intro-mitochondrial acidity

C
Blockage of ATP synthesis

D
Synthesis of ATP

Solution

When the mitochondria is placed in a buffer at an acidic pH of 4 there is an increase in the concentration of $$H^+$$ ions in its inter membrane space. Hence a pH gradient is created with a high $$H^+$$ ion concentration in the inter membrane space and low in the matrix. This gradient increases the ATP production using the enzyme ATP synthetase. Thus the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
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Detoxification of lipid soluble drugs and other harmful compounds in ER is carried out by ..........

A
Cytochrome $$a_1 - a_3$$

B
Cytochrome $$c$$

C
Cytochrome $$bf$$

D
Cytochrome $$P_{450}$$

Solution

Detoxification of lipid-soluble drugs and other harmful compounds in ER is carried out by cytochrome P450 because cytochrome P450 are a group of oxygenase enzyme present in ER of the liver cell responsible for detoxification of a number of xenobiotics (foreign compound), drugs, toxins, products of endogenous metabolism inside our body, etc.

So the correct option is "Cytochrome $$P_{450}$$".

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Trait	Cell 1	Cell 2
Cell wall	Present	Present
Ribosomes	Present	Present
Nucleus	Absent	Present
Ability to photosynthesize	Present	Absent
Cell respiration	Present	Present

Cell type	Nucleus	Cell wall	Chloroplasts
A	No	Yes	No
B	Yes	Yes	No
C	Yes	Yes	Yes

Cell The Unit of Life Test - 90

Result

Cell The Unit of Life Test - 90

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Animal cells- contain only waste, Plant cells- contain only water

Animal cells- small vacuoles, Plant cells- vacuoles make up 90% of cell

Animal cells- vacuoles make up 90% of cell, Plant cells- small vacuoles

Animal cells- contain only water, Plant cells- contain only waste

Vacuoles are the same in both, Plant and animal cells

Solution

Question 2

Experiments with radiolabelled phages

Experiments with bacteria that identified DNA polymerase

Transformation experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Identification of restriction endonucleases

Grafting experiments with Acetabularia

Solution

Question 3

Nuclei

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Membrane-bound proteins

Solution

Question 4

Both are caused by excessive cell growth

Both are caused by a loss of apoptosis

Both are a result of exposure to carcinogenic compounds

Both are caused by excessive fat-soluble vitamin levels

Both are caused by infections from cancer-associated viruses

Solution

Question 5

Cell I is more complex in its organization than cell II.

Cell I is a prokaryote.

The ancestors of cell II appeared earlier in the fossil record than the ancestors of cell I.

Cell II does not have a cell membrane.

Both groups of cells are from plants.

Solution

Question 6

Fungi

Plant

Bacteria

Animal

Protist

Solution

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic DNA is linear, while prokaryotic DNA is circular.

In prokaryotes, translation can occur at the same time as transcription.

There is much more space within a eukaryotic cell than within a prokaryotic cell.

Prokaryotes have ribosomes that are much smaller and simpler than eukaryotes.

Solution

Question 8

rRNA

mRNA

tRNA

snRNA

Solution

Question 9

An increase in intro-mitochondria acidity

A decrease in intro-mitochondrial acidity

Blockage of ATP synthesis

Synthesis of ATP

Solution

Question 10

Cytochrome $$a_1 - a_3$$

Cytochrome $$c$$

Cytochrome $$bf$$

Cytochrome $$P_{450}$$

Solution

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