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Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Test - 25

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Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques Test - 25
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Given below are few chemical compounds.
    2-Hexanone $$(C_6H_{12}O)$$, 2-Butanone $$(C_4H_8O)$$, 3-Hexanone $$(C_6H_{12}O)$$, 3-Pentanone $$(C_5H_{10}O)$$
    The functional group of ketones is ....................
    Solution
    The functional group of ketones is $$>C=O$$.
    The general formula of ketones is $$R-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-R'$$.
    The structures of some ketones are as shown.
    2-hexanone  $$CH_3-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2 CH_3$$
    2-butanone $$CH_3-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-CH_2- CH_3$$
    3-hexanone $$CH_3-CH_2-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-CH_2-CH_2 CH_3$$
    3-pentanone$$CH_3-CH_2-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-CH_2- CH_3$$
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Give the functional group of the following.
    -OH
    Solution
    $$-OH$$ represents an alcoholic  group. It represents alcohols such as ethanol $$CH_3- CH_2-OH$$. The general formula of alcohols is $$R-  OH$$.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Ethanol is also known as:
    Solution
    The common name of ethanol is ethyl alcohol.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
     
    Name the functional group of the given compound.

    Solution

    $$CH_3-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-CH_3$$. 

    $$-C=O$$ represents a ketonic group. It represents carbonyl compounds such as acetone (dimethyl ketone).

    The general formula of ketones is $$R-\underset {\underset {\displaystyle O}{ \displaystyle  ||}}{C}-R'$$.

    Hence, option C is correct.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Identify the compound with the help of molecular structure given in the figure:
    $$H-\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -H$$
    Solution
    6 carbon saturated compound is hexane. Other structure can be shown as follows :
    propane:  $$H-\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -H$$

    Butane : $$H-\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -H$$

    Pentane: $$H-\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -\underset { H }{ \underset { | }{ \overset { H }{ \overset { | }{ C }  }  }  } -H$$
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Identify the compound  $$CH_2 = CH (CH_2)_5 CH_3$$ :
    Solution
    $$CH_2=CHCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$$ may be written $$CH_2=CH(CH_2)_5CH_3$$ which is named as oct-1-ene.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Define homologous series.
    Solution
    A homologous series is a series of compounds with the same general formula. But they have different melting points (physical properties) and different molecular masses. However, they have the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain. 
    Example: $$CH_3OH, C_2H_5OH, C_3H_7OH$$
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which general formula represents the homologous series of hydrocarbons that includes the compound 1-heptyne? 
    Solution
    1-heptyne is alkyne. The general formula for alkyne is $$C_nH_{2n-2}$$.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    All members of a homologous series have the same :
    Solution
    Homologous series differ by a $$CH_2$$ group. It has a mass of 14 units. They can be represented by a common general formula for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and other functional groups. They can thus, be represented by a common empirical formula.
    For example alkanes has empirical formula $$C_nH_{2n+2}$$ and for alkenes it is $$C_nH_{2n}$$ etc.
    Hence, option $$B$$ is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    All members of a homologous series differ by a: 
    Solution
    Homologous series differ by a $$CH_2$$ group known as the methylene group.
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