Structure of Atom Test

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Structure of Atom Test - 12

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A): Black body is an ideal body that emits and absorbs radiations of all frequencies.

Reason (R): The frequency of radiation emitted by a body goes from a lower frequency to higher frequency with an increase in temperature.

A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B
Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A

C
A is true and R is false

D
Both A and R are false

Solution

The ideal body, which emits and absorbs radiations of all frequencies, is called a black body and the radiation emitted by such a body is called black body radiation. The exact frequency distribution of the emitted radiation (i.e. intensity versus frequency curve of the radiation) from a black body depends only on its temperature. At a given temperature, intensity of radiation emitted increases with decrease of wavelength, reaches a maximum value at a given wavelength and then starts decreasing with further decrease of wavelength.
Question 2
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Identify the pairs which are not of isotopes?

(i) \(^{12}_{6}X,\,^{13}_{6}Y\)

(ii) \(^{35}_{17}X,\,^{37}_{17}Y\)

(iii) \(^{14}_{6}X,\,^{14}_{7}Y\)

(iv) \(^{8}_{4}X,\,^{8}_{5}Y\)

A
(i),(ii)

B
(ii),(iii)

C
(iii),(iv)

D
(i),(iv)

Solution

Atoms with identical atomic number but different atomic mass number are known as Isotopes.
Question 3
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Which of the following conclusions could not be derived from Rutherford’s \(\alpha\)-particle scattering experiment?

A
Most of the space in the atom is empty

B
The radius of the atom is about \(10 ^{-10}\)m while that of nucleus is \(10 ^{-15}\) m

C
Electrons move in a circular path of fixed energy called orbits

D
Electrons and the nucleus are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction

Solution

The Rutherford model cannot explain the stability of an atom. It says nothing about the electronic structure of atoms. It can’t explain how the electrons are distributed around the nucleus and what are energies of these electrons.
Question 4
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Which of the following options does not represent ground state electronic configuration of an atom?

A
\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^8\, 4s^2\)

B
\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^9\, 4s^2\)

C
\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^{10}\, 4s^1\)

D
\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^5\, 4s^1\)

Solution

Correct electronic configuration of the two subshells (3d and 4s) should be \(3d ^{10}\) \(4s ^1\).

In certain elements such as Cu or Cr, where the two subshells (4s and 3d) differ slightly in their energies, an electron shifts from a subshell of lower energy (4s) to a subshell of higher energy (3d), provided such a shift results in all orbitals of the subshell of higher energy getting either completely filled or half filled.
Question 5
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Which of the following statement is not correct about the characteristics of cathode rays?

A
They start from the cathode and move towards the anode

B
They travel in straight line in the absence of an external electrical or magnetic field

C
Characteristics of cathode rays do not depend upon the material of electrodes in cathode ray tube

D
Characteristics of cathode rays depend upon the nature of gas present in the cathode ray tube

Solution

The characteristics of cathode rays (electrons) do not depend upon the material of electrodes and the nature of the gas present in the cathode ray tube. Thus, we can conclude that electrons are basic constituent of all the atoms.

Question 6

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Match the following species with their corresponding ground state electronic configuration.

	Atom/Ion		Electronic configuration
(i)	Cu	(a)	\(1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,3d^{10}\)
(ii)	\(Cu^{2+}\)	(b)	\(1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,3d^{10}4s^2\)
(iii)	\(Zn^{2+}\)	(c)	\(1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,3d^{10}4s^1\)
(iv)	\(Cr^{3+}\)	(d)	\(1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,3d^{9}\)
		(e)	\(1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^2\,3p^6\,3d^{3}\)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (e)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (a,b) (iv) → (e)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (e) (iv) → (a)

(i) → (a) (ii) → (e) (iii) → (c) (iv) → (d)

Question 7
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Which of the following statements about the electron is incorrect?

A
It is a negatively charged particle

B
The mass of electron is equal to the mass of neutron

C
It is a basic constituent of all atoms

D
It is a constituent of cathode rays

Solution

Mass of one electron = 9.1 x \(10^{-31}\) kg

Mass of neutron = 1.67 x \(10^{-27}\) kg
Question 8
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Which of the following properties of atom could be explained correctly by Thomson Model of atom?

A
Overall neutrality of atom

B
Spectra of hydrogen atom

C
Position of electrons, protons and neutrons in atom

D
Stability of atom

Solution

An important feature of this model is that the mass of the atom is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the atom. Although this model was able to explain the overall neutrality of the atom, but was not consistent with the results of later experiments.
Question 9
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Two atoms are said to be isobars if.

A
They have same atomic number but different mass number

B
They have same number of electrons but different number of neutrons

C
They have same number of neutrons but different number of electrons

D
Sum of the number of protons and neutrons is same but the number of protons is different

Solution

Isobars are the atoms with same mass number but different atomic number for example, 14C and 14N.

Question 10

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Match the quantum numbers with the information provided by these.

	Quantum number		Information provided
(i)	Principal quantum number	(a)	orientation of the orbital
(ii)	Azimuthal quantum number	(b)	energy and size of orbital
(iii)	Magnetic quantum number	(c)	spin of electron
(iv)	Spin quantum number	(d)	shape of the orbital

(i) → (b) (ii) → (a) (iii) → (d) (iv) → (c)

(i) → (b) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (c)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)

(i) → (b) (ii) → (a) (iii) → (c) (iv) → (d)

Question 11
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Out of the following pairs of electrons, identify the pairs of electrons present in degenerate orbitals:

(i) (a) n= 3, l = 2, \(m_l\) = –2, \(m_s\) = \(-{1\over2}\)

(b) n= 3, l = 2, \(m_l\) = –1, \(m_s\) = \(-{1\over2}\)

(ii) (a) n= 3, l = 1, \(m_l\) = 1, \(m_s\) = \(+{1\over2}\)

(b) n= 3, l = 2, \(m_l\) = 1, \(m_s\) = \(+{1\over2}\)

(iii) (a) n= 4, l = 1, \(m_l\) = 1, \(m_s\) = \(+{1\over2}\)

(b) n= 3, l = 2, \(m_l\) = 1, \(m_s\) = \(+{1\over2}\)

(iv) (a) n= 3, l = 2, \(m_l\) = +2, \(m_s\) = \(-{1\over2}\)

(b) n= 3, l = 2, \(m_l\) = +2, \(m_s\) = \(+{1\over2}\)

A
(i),(ii)

B
(ii),(iii)

C
(iii),(iv)

D
(i),(iv)

Solution

The energy of an electron in a multielectron atom, unlike that of the hydrogen atom, depends not only on its principal quantum number (shell), but also on its azimuthal quantum number (subshell). Electrons of the same shells and same subshells have same energy and they are known as degenerate orbitals.
Question 12
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In the following questions a statement of Assertion (A) followed by a statement of Reason (R) is given. Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question.

Assertion (A): All isotopes of a given element show the same type of chemical behaviour.

Reason (R): The chemical properties of an atom are controlled by the number of electrons in the atom.

A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

B
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

C
A is true but R is false

D
Both A and R are false

Solution

All isotopes have same atomic number means same number of electrons and they bear similar chemical properties.
Question 13
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The number of radial nodes for 3p orbital is..............

A
3

B
4

C
2

D
1

Solution

For p orbital, n = 3 and l = 1

No. of radial nodes = n - l - 1

= 3 - 1 - 1 = 1

Question 14

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Match the following rules with their statements:

	Rules		Statements
(i)	Hund’s Rule	(a)	No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
(ii)	Aufbau Principle	(b)	Half-filled and completely filled orbitals have extra stability.
(iii)	Pauli Exclusion Principle	(c)	Pairing of electrons in the orbitals belonging to the same subshell does not take place until each orbital is singly occupied.
(iv)	Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle	(d)	It is impossible to determine the exact position and exact momentum of a subatomic particle simultaneously
		(e)	In the ground state of atoms, orbitals are filled in the order of their increasing energies.

(i) → (d) (ii) → (e) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (b)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (e) (iii) → (d) (iv) → (b)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (e) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (d)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (b) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (d)

Question 15
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Number of angular nodes for 4d orbital is..........

A
4

B
3

C
2

D
1

Solution

In case of \(d_{xy}\) orbital, there are two nodal planes passing through the origin and bisecting the xy plane containing z-axis. These are called angular nodes and number of angular nodes are given by ‘l’ . There are two angular nodes for ‘d’ orbitals.
Question 16
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Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are correct?

n 1 \(m_l\)

(i) 1 1 +2

(ii) 2 1 +1

(iii) 3 2 -2

(iv) 3 4 -2

A
(i),(ii)

B
(ii),(iii)

C
(iii),(iv)

D
(i),(iv)

Solution

Each shell consists of one or more sub-shells or sub-levels. The number of subshells in a principal shell is equal to the value of n. For example, in the first shell (n = 1), there is only one sub-shell which corresponds to l = 0. There are two sub-shells (l = 0, 1) in the second shell (n = 2), there are three sub shells (l = 0, 1, 2) in third shell (n = 3) and so on. Each sub-shell is assigned an azimuthal quantum number (l). Sub-shells corresponding to different values of l are represented by the following symbols.

Value for l: 0 1 2 3 4 5 .........

Notation for sub-shell: s p d f g h .........
Question 17
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Which of the following is responsible to rule out the existence of definite paths or trajectories of electrons?

A
Pauli’s exclusion principle

B
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

C
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity

D
Aufbau principle

Solution

Werner Heisenberg, a German physicist in 1927, stated uncertainty principle which is the consequence of dual behavior of matter and radiation. It states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously, the exact position and exact momentum (or velocity) of an electron.

Question 18

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Match the items given in Column I with the items given in Column II:

	Column I		Column II
(i)	X-rays	(a)	\(v=10^0-10^4\) Hz
(ii)	UV	(b)	\(v=10^{10}\) Hz
(iii)	Long radio waves	(c)	\(v=10^{16}\) Hz
(iv)	Microwave	(d)	\(v=10^{18}\) Hz

(i) → (b) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (d)

(i) → (d) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)

(i) → (d) (ii) → (c) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (b)

Question 19
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Total number of orbitals associated with third shell will be

A
2

B
4

C
9

D
3

Solution

No. of orbitals associated with the shell = \(n^2\)

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Value for l:	0	1	2	3	4	5	.........
Notation for sub-shell:	s	p	d	f	g	h	.........

Structure of Atom Test - 12

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Structure of Atom Test - 12

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Question 1

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation of A

A is true and R is false

Both A and R are false

Solution

Question 2

(i),(ii)

(ii),(iii)

(iii),(iv)

(i),(iv)

Solution

Question 3

Most of the space in the atom is empty

The radius of the atom is about \(10 ^{-10}\)m while that of nucleus is \(10 ^{-15}\) m

Electrons move in a circular path of fixed energy called orbits

Electrons and the nucleus are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction

Solution

Question 4

\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^8\, 4s^2\)

\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^9\, 4s^2\)

\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^{10}\, 4s^1\)

\(1s^2\, 2s^2\, 2p^6\, 3s^2\, 3p^6\, 3d^5\, 4s^1\)

Solution

Question 5

They start from the cathode and move towards the anode

They travel in straight line in the absence of an external electrical or magnetic field

Characteristics of cathode rays do not depend upon the material of electrodes in cathode ray tube

Characteristics of cathode rays depend upon the nature of gas present in the cathode ray tube

Solution

Question 6

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (e)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (a,b) (iv) → (e)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (e) (iv) → (a)

(i) → (a) (ii) → (e) (iii) → (c) (iv) → (d)

Question 7

It is a negatively charged particle

The mass of electron is equal to the mass of neutron

It is a basic constituent of all atoms

It is a constituent of cathode rays

Solution

Question 8

Overall neutrality of atom

Spectra of hydrogen atom

Position of electrons, protons and neutrons in atom

Stability of atom

Solution

Question 9

They have same atomic number but different mass number

They have same number of electrons but different number of neutrons

They have same number of neutrons but different number of electrons

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons is same but the number of protons is different

Solution

Question 10

(i) → (b) (ii) → (a) (iii) → (d) (iv) → (c)

(i) → (b) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (a) (iv) → (c)

(i) → (c) (ii) → (d) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (a)

(i) → (b) (ii) → (a) (iii) → (c) (iv) → (d)

Question 11

(i),(ii)

(ii),(iii)

(iii),(iv)

(i),(iv)

Solution

Question 12

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true but R is false

Both A and R are false

Solution

Question 13

3