Structure of Atom Test

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Structure of Atom Test - 40

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Question 1
1 / -0

What does Bohr's atomic theory explain?

A
About quantum numbers

B
About the shape of sub-levels

C
About nucleus

D
About stationary states

Solution

The Bohr's atomic theory explains about the presence of stable orbits or stationary states. This theory thus was able to overcome drawback of Rutherford's theory. Thus the correct option is $$\text{D}$$.
Question 2
1 / -0

The mass number of an element is 27. If it has 14 neutrons then valence shell of this element is :

A
K

B
L

C
M

D
N

Solution

The given element is having 14 nutrons and 27 mass number means number of electrons or protons are $$(z-n )$$ $$27-14 = 13$$ each.

Distribution of electrons according to $$2n^2$$ (n = principal quantum number) is $$ 2(K), 8(L), 3(M) $$. Hence, the valence shell of this element is M.
Question 3
1 / -0

An atom has mass number $$23$$ and atomic number $$11$$. How many protons, electrons and neutrons are present in the atom?

A
$$11, 12, 13$$

B
$$11, 11, 12$$

C
$$11, 11, 13$$

D
$$11, 14, 15$$

Solution

$$(B)$$ $$11,11,12$$

$$Given$$ - Mass number of atom = $$23$$
Atomic number of atom = $$11$$
As, no. of electrons in an atom is equal to an atomic number of the element.
So, number of electrons = $$11$$
Secondly , number of protons are equal to number of electrons.
so, number of protons = $$11$$
And number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number = $$23 - 11$$ = $$12$$
so, number of neutrons = $$12$$

So , the atom contains $$11 \ protons$$, $$11 \ electrons$$, $$12\ neutrons$$.
Question 4
1 / -0

A, B, C are three elements with atomic numbers, Z-1, Z, and Z+1 respectively. B is an inert gas.
Identify the group to which A and C belong.

A
Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal

B
Halogen, Alkali metal

C
Inert gas, Alkali metal

D
Halogens, Inert gas

Solution

As compared to B, the atomic number of A is less by one unit. A contains one electron less than than nearest inert gas. Hence, A is a halogen. As compared to B, the atomic number of C is more by one unit. C contains one electron more than than nearest inert gas. Hence, C is a alkali metal.
Question 5
1 / -0

The atomic number (Z) of an element is 25. In its ground state, how many electrons are present in the N shell:

A
13

B
2

C
15

D
3

Solution

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:

The electronic configuration of an element with atomic number $$25$$ is-

$$1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^5$$.

So, there are $$2$$ electrons in the $$4s$$ subshell.
The $$N^{th}$$ shell has the principle quantum number ($$n$$) equal to $$4$$.

$$\therefore$$ $$2$$ electrons are present in the $$N^{th}$$ shell.
Question 6
1 / -0

The atom of an element has $$10$$ electrons, $$10$$ protons and $$12$$ neutrons. Find the mass number of the element:

A
$$10$$

B
$$12$$

C
$$22$$

D
$$32$$

Solution

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called mass number of the atom. It is generally represented by th letter $$A$$.
$$Mass$$ $$Number(A)$$ = $$Number\ of\ Protons$$ + $$Number\ of\ Neutrons$$
As given, the atom of an element contains $$10$$ protons and $$12$$ neutrons , therefore,
$$mass$$ $$number$$ = $$10$$ + $$12$$ = $$22$$

So, the mass number of the element is 22.
Question 7
1 / -0

How are the two atoms $$_{ 92 }^{ 235 }{ P }$$ and $$_{ 92 }^{ 238 }{ P }$$ similar?
(i) They have the same number of protons
(ii) They have the same number of neutrons
(iii) They have the same number of electrons

A
Only (i)

B
Only (i) and (ii)

C
Only (i) and (iii)

D
(i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution

$$_{Z}^{A}{X}$$ : Ideal element representation

Here, $$Z=$$ atomic number $$=$$ number of protons

$$A$$ $$=$$ mass number $$=$$ number of protons $$+$$ number of neutrons

Also, the number of protons $$=$$ number of electrons

So, for $$_{92}^{235}{P}$$ and $$_{92}^{238}{P}$$ :

$$_{92}^{235}{P}$$ : number of protons $$=$$ $$92$$ $$=$$ $$Z$$

Number of electrons $$=$$ $$92$$ $$=$$ number of protons

Number of neutrons $$=$$ $$A-Z$$ $$=$$ $$235-92$$ $$=$$ $$143$$

$$_{92}^{238}{P}$$ : number of protons $$=$$ $$Z$$ $$=$$ $$92$$

Number of electrons $$=$$ number of protons $$=$$ $$Z$$ $$=$$ $$92$$

Number of neutrons $$=$$ $$238-92$$ $$=$$ $$146$$
Question 8
1 / -0

An element has atomic number $$17$$ and mass number $$37$$. There are $$17$$ electrons outside the nucleus. Find the number of neutrons in it.

A
$$20$$

B
$$21$$

C
$$17$$

D
$$37$$

Solution

$$(A)$$ $$20$$

$$Given$$ - Atomic number of element = $$17$$
Mass number of element = $$37$$
Number of electrons = $$17$$
As we know, number of protons is equal to number of electrons.
so, number of protons = $$17$$

now, $$Mass\ number$$ = $$number\ of\ protons$$ + $$number\ of\ neutrons$$
$$37$$ = $$17$$ + number of neutrons
number of neutrons = $$37$$ - $$17$$
number of neutrons = $$20$$

So, the number of neutrons in the nucleus = $$20$$.
Question 9
1 / -0

An element has an atomic number $$20$$. How many electrons will be present in $$K, L, M$$ and $$N$$ shells of its atom?

A
$$2, 8, 6, 4$$

B
$$2, 8, 7, 3$$

C
$$3, 7, 7, 3$$

D
$$2, 8, 8, 2$$

Solution

Calcium with atomic number $$20$$ will have $$2, 8, 8, 2$$ electrons in $$K, L, M$$ and $$N$$ shells respectively. $$K, L, M$$ shells can accomodate $$2, 8, 8$$ electrons respectively. The remaining 2 electrons will enter $$N$$ shell.
Question 10
1 / -0

What does the mass number of an atom represent?

A
Only the number of protons

B
The number of protons and neutrons

C
The number of protons and electrons

D
Only the number of neutrons

Solution

The mass number tells us the number the sum of nucleons i.e number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It is traditionally represented by the symbol Z

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Structure of Atom Test - 40

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Structure of Atom Test - 40

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Question 1

About quantum numbers

About the shape of sub-levels

About nucleus

About stationary states

Solution

Question 2

K

L

M

N

Solution

Question 3

$$11, 12, 13$$

$$11, 11, 12$$

$$11, 11, 13$$

$$11, 14, 15$$

Solution

Question 4

Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal

Halogen, Alkali metal

Inert gas, Alkali metal

Halogens, Inert gas

Solution

Question 5

13

2

15

3

Solution

Question 6

$$10$$

$$12$$

$$22$$

$$32$$

Solution

Question 7

Only (i)

Only (i) and (ii)

Only (i) and (iii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

Solution

Question 8

$$20$$

$$21$$

$$17$$

$$37$$

Solution

Question 9

$$2, 8, 6, 4$$

$$2, 8, 7, 3$$

$$3, 7, 7, 3$$

$$2, 8, 8, 2$$

Solution

Question 10

Only the number of protons

The number of protons and neutrons

The number of protons and electrons

Only the number of neutrons

Solution

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