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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Test - 40

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Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Test - 40
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which amongst the following can lose 2 electrons to acquire the configuration of argon?
    Solution
    Since calcium has electronic configuration 2,8,8,2 in order to achieve stable noble gas configuration like nearest noble gas i.e. argon calcium has to donate its two valence electron.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Arrange the following metal in the increasing order of their reactivity towards water: Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium.
    Solution
    The reactivity of elements (metals) towards water decreases towards the right in a period. It also increases down the group. But zinc is more reactive towards water than iron. Hence the correct order is:
    Iron<Zinc<Magnesium<Sodium
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Four elements A, B, C, D have 1, 2, 6, 7 valence electrons in their atoms. Assuming that they belong to the same period identify the strongest oxidizing agent among them.
    Solution
    D, with 7 valence electrons will have the strongest electron affinity to gain electron so as to attain stable noble gas configuration. Thus it readily gets reduced and is the strongest oxidising agent.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the atomic number of metal?
    Solution
    Elements having $$1, 2$$ or $$3$$ electrons in its last shell act as metals.

    $$32 = [Ar] 3\ d^{10}\ 4s^{2} p^{2}$$

    $$34 = [Ar] 3\ d^{10}\ 4s^{2} p^{4}$$

    $$36 = [Ar] 3\ d^{10}\ 4s^{2} p^{6}$$

    $$38 = [Ar] 3\ d^{10}\ 4s^{2} p^{6}, 5s^{2}$$

    In the above electronic configuration, the last electron enters into $$5s$$ orbital, hence it is an alkaline earth metal.

    Thus option D is correct.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the alkaline earth metals shows some anomalous behaviour and has same electronegativity as aluminium?
    Solution
    Be and Al show diagonal relationship.
    Such relationship occurs because crossing and descending the periodic table have opposite effects. On moving across a period of the periodic table, the size of the atoms decreases, and on moving down a group the size of the atoms increases. Similarly, on moving across the period, the elements become progressively more covalent, less basic and more electronegative, whereas on moving down the group the elements become more ionic, more basic and less electronegative. Thus, on both descending a group and crossing the period by one element, the changes "cancel" each other out, and elements with similar properties which have similar chemistry are often found – the atomic size, electronegativity, properties of compounds (and so forth) of the diagonal members are similar.
    Hence, option D is correct
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The maximum number of electrons that L shell can accommodate are :
    Solution
    Maximum number of electrons a shell can accommodate are $$2n^2$$
    For L shell, n=2 so maximum electrons= $$2 \times 4=8$$
  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    The maximum number of electrons that N shell can accommodate are :

    Solution
    Maximum number of electrons a shell can accommodate are $$2n^2$$
    For N shell, $$n=4$$ so maximum electrons= $$2 \times 16=32$$
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    On moving down the group, the tendency to gain electrons:
    Solution
    On moving down a group, the tendency to gain electrons (electronegativity) decreases as the atomic radius increases due to the increase in number of shells. The increase the distance between the nucleus and outermost shell. This results in decrease in effective nuclear charge. Hence it is easier to lose electrons in stead of gaining electrons.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0

    The correct electronic configuration of calcium(Atomic no. - 20) is :

    Solution

    Atomic number of calcium is 20. Number of protons = number of electrons = 20

    First shell can accommodate 2 electrons so $$K = 2$$.

    Second shell can accommodate maximum of 8 electrons so $$L = 8$$.

    Third shell can accommodate maximum of 18 electrons but if we put remaining 10 electrons it will violate the law that outermost electron can accommodate 8 electrons so it will accommodate only 8 electrons.

    So number of electrons in M is 8. Now the remaining two will be in N.

    So the configuration is $$2,8,8,2$$

  • Question 10
    1 / -0

    The structure of sodium atom is shown in the figure given above. Identify the correct statement.
    An atomic sodium ________.

    Solution

    The creation of NaOH is exothermic and will likely release enough energy to ignite the hydrogen gas, which will burn explosively with the oxygen in the atmosphere. Sodium reacts violently with water because it is much more active than hydrogen.

    Here is the displacement reaction with water.

    $$2Na\left( s \right) +2{ H }_{ 2 }O\left( l \right) \rightarrow 2Na^+{ (aq) }+2O{ H }^{ - }\left( aq \right) +{ H }_{ 2 }(g)$$

    $$s=$$solid, $$l=$$liquid, $$aq=$$aqueous

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