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Thermodynamics ...

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  • Question 1
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    If  the resonance energy of $$NO_2(:O--N==O:)$$ is X kJ The measured enthalpy formation of $$NO_2(\Delta_f H^{ \ominus } )$$ is $$34  kJ  mol^{ -1 }$$. The bond energies given are:
    $$N--O \Rightarrow 222  kJ  mol^{ -1 }$$
    $$N\equiv N \Rightarrow 946  kJ  mol^{ -1 }$$
    $$O==O \Rightarrow 498  kJ  mol^{ -1 }$$
    $$N==O \Rightarrow 607  kJ  mol^{ -1 }$$
    Find out the value of X

  • Question 2
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    Find the $$\Delta H$$ of the following reaction. $$OF_2(g) + H_2O(g)\longrightarrow O_2(g) + 2HF(g)$$. Average bond energies of $$O-F$$, $$O-H$$, $$O=O$$ and $$H-F$$ are $$44$$, $$111$$, $$118$$ and $$135 $$ kcal mol$$^{ -1 }$$, respectively.

  • Question 3
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    The thermo-chemical equation for solid and liquid rocket fuel are given below:
    $$2Al(s) + 1\frac { 1 }{ 2 }O_2(g)\longrightarrow Al_2O_3(s), \Delta H = -1667.8 kJ$$

    $$H_2(g) +\frac { 1 }{ 2 }O_2(g)\longrightarrow H_2O(l), \Delta H = -285.9 kJ$$, 

    Then, $$\Delta H$$ for the reaction : $$Al_2O_3(s)\longrightarrow 2Al(s) + 1\frac { 1 }{ 2 }O_2(g)$$ is :

  • Question 4
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    Calculate the $$\Delta H^{ \ominus }$$ for the reduction of $$Fe_2O_3(s)$$ by $$Al(s)$$ at $$25^{ \circ }C$$. The enthalpies of formation of $$Fe_2O_3(s)$$ and $$Al_2O_3$$ are $$-825.5$$ and $$-1675.7  kJ  mol^{ -1 }$$ respectively.

  • Question 5
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    How much heat is liberated when one mole of gaseous $$Na^{ \oplus }$$ combines with one mole of $$Cl^{ \ominus }$$ ion to form solid $$NaCl$$.

    Use the data given below:
    $$Na(s) + \frac { 1 }{ 2 } Cl_2(g) \longrightarrow NaCl(s)$$;       $$\Delta H = -98.23  kcal$$ 
    $$Na(s)\longrightarrow Na(g)$$;$$\,\,\,\, \Delta H = +25.98  kcal$$
    $$Na(g)\longrightarrow Na^{ \oplus } + e^ { - }$$;$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\Delta H = +120.0  kcal$$
    $$Cl_2(g)\longrightarrow 2Cl(g)$$;$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\Delta H = +58.02  kcal$$
    $$Cl^{ \ominus } (g)\longrightarrow Cl(g) + e^{ - }$$;$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\Delta H = +87.3  kcal$$

  • Question 6
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    The standard enthalpy of formation of $$FeO$$ and $$Fe_2O_3$$ is $$-65 \: kcal \: mol^{-1}$$ and $$-197 \: kcal \: mol^{-1}$$ respectively. If a mixture containing $$FeO$$ and $$FeO_3$$ in $$2 : 1$$ mole ratio on oxidation is changed into $$1 : 2$$ mole ratio, thermal energy in kcal released per mole of mixture will be :

  • Question 7
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    When $$10  g$$ of $$Al$$ is used for reduction in each of the following alumino thermic reactions, which reaction would generate more heat and by how much ?
    a.  $$2Al + Cr_2O_3\rightarrow Al_2O_3 + 2Cr$$
    b.  $$2Al + Fe_2O_3\rightarrow Al_2O_3 + 2Fe$$

    Standard heat of formation of $$Al_2O_3$$, $$Cr_2O_3$$ and $$Fe_2O_3$$ are $$-1676  kJ$$, $$-1141 kJ$$ and $$-822.2  kJ$$, respectively.

  • Question 8
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    If $$2Al(s) + 1\frac { 1 }{ 2 }O_2(g)\longrightarrow Al_2O_3(s), \Delta H = -166.78 kJ$$
    $$H_2(g) + \frac { 1 }{ 2 }O_2(g)\longrightarrow H_2O(l), \Delta H = -285.9 kJ$$

    Then  $$\Delta H$$ for the reaction,

    $$Al_2O_3(s)\longrightarrow 2Al(s) + 1\frac { 1 }{ 2 }O_2(g)$$ is:

  • Question 9
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    The heat of combustion of acetylene is 312 kcal. If heat of formation of $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$ are 94.38 and 68.38 kcal respectively,  $$C \equiv\!\! \equiv C$$ bond energy is $$x \:kcal $$. Given that heat of atomisation of C and H are 150.0 and 51.5 kcal respectively and $$C-\! \! \! -H$$ bond energy is 93.64 kcal. Value of $$x$$

  • Question 10
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    A change in the free energy of a system at constant temperature and pressure will be:

    $$\Delta_{ sys }G = \Delta_{ sys }H - T\Delta_{ sys }S$$

    At constant temperature and pressure,
    $$\Delta_{ sys }G < 0 (spontaneous)$$
    $$\Delta_{ sys }G = 0 (equilibrium)$$
    $$\Delta_{ sys }G > 0 (non-spontaneous)$$

    For a system in equilibrium, $$\Delta G = 0$$, under conditions of constant_____

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