Thermodynamics ...

A process is said to be spontaneous if

A thermodynamical process is shown in the figure. The pressure and volumes corresponding to some points in the figure are$${ P }_{ A } = 3 \times {10}^{4} Pa$$ $${ V }_{A} = 2 \times {10}^{-3} { m }^{3} $$$${ P }_{ B } = 8 \times {10}^{4} Pa$$ $${ V }_{D} = 5 \times {10}^{-3} { m }^{3} $$In the process $$AB$$, $$600 J$$ of heat is added to the system and in process $$BC 200 J$$ of heat is added to the system. The change in internal energy of the system in process $$AC$$ would be

A reaction has $$\triangle H = -33\ kJ$$ and $$\triangle S = +58\ J/K$$. This reaction would be:

A body cools from $$71^0C$$ to $$69^0C$$ in $$4$$ minutes. If the surrounding temperature is constant at $$20^0C$$. Time taken by the body to cool from $$61^0C$$ to $$59^0C$$ is

The P-V diagrams of two difference masses $$m_1$$ and $$m_2$$ for an ideal gas at constant temperature $$T$$is given in the figure below.

Which of the following integrals depends only on the initial and final states of a thermodynamic system (i.e., independent of the path of transformation)? 

Using the Gibbs energy change ,$${ \Delta G }^{ \circ  }=+63.3 kJ,$$ for the following reaction,$${ Ag }_{ 2 }{ CO }_{ 3 }\rightleftharpoons 2Ag\left( sq \right) +{ CO }^{ 2- }_{ 3 }\left( aq \right) $$ the $${ K }_{ sp }of{ Ag }_{ 2 }{ CO }_{ 3 }\left( s \right) $$ in water at $${ 25 }^{ \circ  }C$$ is:-

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature $${\text{1}}\,{\text{g}}$$ of Helium at $${\text{NTP}}$$, from $${\text{T,K}}$$ to $${{\text{T}}_2}{\text{K}}$$ is  

A process has $$\Delta H=200 J mol^{-1}$$ and $$\Delta S=40 JK^{-1} mol^{-1}$$. Out of the values given below, choose the minimum temperature above which the process will be spontaneous?

For a spontaneous process, if entropy and volume are constant, the internal energy system must