Judiciary - Constitutional, Civil, Criminal Courts and Processes Test 7

The Constitution of India in Article 124(3) lays down the qualifications of a person to be the judge of the Supreme Court. He/She:

must be a citizen of India

• He must be a judge of any High Court for at least 5 years, or has been an advocate in a High Court for 10 years or is in the opinion of the President a distinguished jurist.

The Supreme Court has three types of jurisdiction: original, appellate and advisory. Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to any dispute between

• the Government of India and one or more States

• the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other

• two or more State.

The Supreme Court has three types of jurisdiction: original, appellate and advisory. Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to any dispute between:

• the Government of India and one or more States
• the Government of India and any State
• States on one side and one or more States on the other
• two or more States.

The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

The Governor of the state appoints the judges of subordinate courts. He/she takes this decision in consultation with the Chief justice of the High Court of the concerned State.

Integrated judicial system means that decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts. All the lower courts from the Gram Panchayat to the High Courts are integrated into the Supreme Court of India. The integration is through the appellate system existing in the Indian Constitution. Any person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgment passed by the lower court is not just.

At present, there are 25 High Courts in India. Each state has its own High Court. It is the highest court of a State. At top of this, we have the Supreme Court situated in New Delhi, which is the highest court of our Country. 

When the Constitution was adopted and enforced in 1950, the age of the retirement of the judges of the High Courts was fixed at 60. However, it was raised to 62 in 1963 according to the 15th amendment of the Constitution.

The Supreme Court is the highest and the final judicial tribunal of India. The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice and a number of other Judges.

• Supreme Court is a court of record thus its proceedings are recorded for perpetual verification and testimony. Its records are admitted in evidence and cannot be questioned in any court of law. It has the power to punish by fine and imprisonment any person guilty of contempt or its authority.
  
• The decision of the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within the territory of India. However the Supreme Court is not bound by its earlier decision. it can come to a different decision if it is convinced that it had made an error or harmed public interest.
  
• Supreme Court can make rules regarding the practice and procedure of the court with the approval of the President.
  
• Supreme Court is the guardian of constitutions as it plays important role in protection of laws written in constitution.

Governor is the head of a particular state. The Governors of all the states are appointed by the President. The Governor has different powers like legislative, executive, financial and judicial powers at the state-level which is given by the Constitution. Hence, at the state level, it is the Governor who administers the oath of office to the High Court judges of that state.