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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 20

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 20
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following can be controlled by using biopesticides?
    Solution
    • Biopesticides are biochemical pesticides that are naturally occurring substances that control pests like insects and weeds by nontoxic mechanisms. 
    • It is made up of living organisms or its product to manage the pests that are injurious to plants. 
    • They pose less threat to the environment and humans. 
    • Biopesticide also controls the spread of disease by killing the causing organisms.
    • These include biofungicides (Trichoderma), bioherbicides (Phytophthora) and bioinsecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis).
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    $$Trichoderma$$ species are potentially useful as 
    Solution
    • $$Trichoderma$$ is a genus of fungi. It is used to treat seeds and soils to eliminate pathogens. These species have long been recognized as biological agents to control plant diseases. 
    • The first application of these species was in the 1930s. Since then, $$Trichoderma$$ species became a popular biological agent to protect crops against plant pathogens all over the world.
    • So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Biofertilizers include
    Solution
    • The term biofertilizers or microbial inoculants may be used to include all organic resources (manure) for plant growth which are rendered in an available form for plant absorption through microorganisms or plant associations or interactions. 
    • Biofertilizers are of three types, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, and mycorrhiza. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that
    Solution
    • Biological control is not a quick fix for most pest problems. 
    • Biological control can be fickle. While it's supposed to manage one pest, there is always the possibility that predators will switch to a different target as they might decide to eat crops instead of the insects infesting them. 
    • Introducing a new species to an environment, there runs the risk of disrupting the natural food chain. 
    • It is a slow process and takes a lot of time and patience for the biological agents to work their magic on a pest population. 
    • Predators can only survive if there is something to eat, so destroying their food population would risk their own safety. 
    • Therefore, they can only reduce the number of harmful pests. 
    • While it is cheap in the long run, the process of actually setting up a biological control system is a costly endeavor. 
    • A lot of planning and money goes into developing a successful system.

    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Leghaemoglobin occurs in
    Solution
    A single enlarged, non - motile bacterium is referred to as bacteroids. These results in proliferation of tissues, which eventually results in forming a root nodule. A typical root nodule contains several thousand bacteroids. The nodule contains a protein called leghemoglobin which gives nodules a pink color. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between
    Solution
    Mycorrhiza is the association of fungi and the roots of plants.  It is a symbiotic association where fungus helps in increasing the surface area of absorption. The mycorrhiza fungi help in the mineral uptake for the plant. The plant provides shelter and protection to the fungus. The fungus also obtains sugars from the plant.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Most famous nitrogen fixing bacterium/biofertilizer is
    Solution
    Rhizobium is the most well-known species of a group of bacteria that acts as the primary symbiotic fixer of nitrogen. These bacteria can infect the roots of leguminous plants, leading to the formation of lumps or nodules where the nitrogen fixation takes place.
    So, the correct answer is 'Rhizobium'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Azolla is used as biofertilizer as it has
    Solution
    Azolla is used as a biofertiliser because the leaves of this plant have cyanobacteria called Anabaena. This is an algae which have the enzyme nitrogenase in the heterocysts. The heterocysts are specialized cells in the algae. These cells help in fixation of nitrogen with the help of the enzyme. The rice plants grown in these paddy fields use this fixed nitrogen. Thus, the yield is increased. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one is a biofertilizer?
    Solution
    VAM (Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae) is formed by the symbiotic association between certain phycomycetous fungi and angiosperm roots. The fungus absorbs the water and nutrients from the soil and provides them to the plant while the angiosperms provide the prepared food to the fungi.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is correct?
    Solution
    Leguminous plants in association with the bacteria in their root nodules can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. The nitrogen can be fixed with the help of nitrogenase enzyme. The nitrogen is fixed and converted into forms of nitrates. The nitrates can be easily taken up by the plant roots. The increased nitrogen will help in the growth of succeeding crops as well.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
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