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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 23

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 23
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The earliest pesticide was
    Solution
    One of the earliest pesticides which were used by man was margosa (neem) leaves. The dried leaves repel the pests from stored grains. There is a compound called as azadirachtin present in the leaves of neem plant. This compound is also present in leaves along with other alkaloids. These compounds act as an insect repellant. Thus, they were used as insecticide and pesticide. Whereas pyrethrum, nicotine and dichorophenyltrichloroethane are the modern pesticides.
    So, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Pyrethrin is a common ingredient of
    Solution
    Pyrethrin is an ingredient insecticide prepared from pyrethrum flowers which include daisies and chrysanthemums. Pyrethrins act against a wide range of pests from flies and gnats to ticks and lice. It is widely used as a mosquito controlling agent. They affect the nervous system of these arthropods and sometimes causing them to leave before they finish feeding. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The phenomenon of using a predator for controlling a pest is
    Solution
    Biological control is a method to control pest by using living microorganisms or its product. It is used as natural enemies like the predators, parasites, pathogens, and competitors to suppress and maintain populations of a target pest species (insects, mites, weeds, plant pathogens, and other pest organisms). This is the most widely used method in today's world for the control of pests. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Pyrethrin is extracted from
    Solution
    Pyrethrum is the powdered, dried flower head of Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium. The term pyrethrins refer to the six related insecticidal compounds that occur naturally in the crude material. These compounds have potential insecticidal activity. These compounds are a part of insect repellants such as coils, sprays, etc. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following bacterial groups are exploited in biogas production?
    Solution
    • Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane (in biogas production) as a metabolic byproduct. 
    • They are classified as archaea, a domain distinct from eubacteria. 
    • Methanogenesis is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens.
    • Methanotrophs (sometimes called methanophiles) are prokaryotes that metabolize methane as their source of carbon and energy. 
    • Organotrophs, including humans, fungi, and many prokaryotes, are chemotrophs that obtain energy from organic compounds.
    • Eubacteria, or “true” bacteria, are single-celled prokaryotic microorganisms that have a range of characteristics and are found in various conditions throughout all parts of the world. 
    • All types of bacteria fall under this title, except for archaebacteria. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    A good product of citric acid is :
    Solution
    Citric acid is used for a multitude of purposes around the world, most obviously as a food & drink additive (E330) for flavouring or as a preservative but also for purposes as diverse as soaps & detergents, hair dying, explosives, industrial pipe cleaning, photography and many more.  The ability of A. niger to make citric acid was originally identified in 1917 by James Currie and industrial-level production began two years later by Pfizer. Up to that point when citric acid was needed citrus fruit juices were employed. The process of citric acid production by A. niger:
    • In this production technique, which is still the major industrial route to citric acid used today, cultures of Aspergillus niger are fed on sucrose or glucose-containing medium to produce citric acid. The source of sugar is corn steep liquor, molasses, hydrolyzed corn starch or other inexpensive sugary solutions. After the mould is filtered out of the resulting solution, citric acid is isolated by precipitating it with lime (calcium hydroxide) to yield calcium citrate salt, from which citric acid is regenerated by treatment with sulfuric acid.

    So, the correct answer is 'Aspergillus'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found inside vegetative part of : 
    Solution
    Coralloid root of Cycas plant possess cyanobacteria.
    So, the correct answer is 'Cycas'

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is mainly produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on sewage?
    Solution
    • Methane is also called marsh gas because it is produced by the anaerobic bacterial decomposition of vegetable matter underwater or in a marshy area. 
    • The decomposition of sludge by anaerobic bacteria in sewage-treatment processes also produces a gas rich in methane.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Biogas production from waste biomass with the help of methanogenic bacteria is a
    Solution
    • There are four key biological and chemical stages of anaerobic digestion producing methane gas:
    i) Hydrolysis 
    ii) Acidogenesis 
    iii) Acetogenesis 
    iv) Methanogenesis
    • Throughout the steps, methanogens are involved in producing the biogas.
    So, the correct answer is 'Multi-step process'

  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    A major component of gobar gas is
    Solution
    • Biogas/gobar gas is an alternate source of energy produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. 
    • Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste, or food waste.
    • Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria, which digest material inside a closed system, or fermentation of biodegradable materials. 
    • Biogas or gobar gas is usually 50% to 80% methane and 20% to 50% carbon dioxide, with traces of gasses such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
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