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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 28

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 28
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the cyanobacterial group acting as biofertiliser?
    Solution
    Biofertilizers are the suspension of microorganism which remains  in close association with the roots and converts the atmospheric nitrogen into the soluble form. Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, that exists as plankton. It is known for its nitrogen fixing abilities and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. Certain species of Anabaena have been used on rice paddy fields, proving to be an effective natural fertilizer.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Antifeedant compound is extracted from
    Solution
    The antifeedant compound is extracted from Azadirachta indica. Antifeedant is a natural or synthetic substance that stops or inhibits feeding by a pest and especially an insect. Pesticides derived from plants such as the neem tree act as antifeedants and repellents. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In a biogas plants, one of them will be essential.
    Solution
    Biogas is the alternate source of energy produced by the decomposition of organic wastes such as animal excreta and kitchen wastes by the action of $$methanobacterium$$. It contains nearly 70% methane. Methane is an inflammable fuel. $$Methanobacterium$$ is the bacterium that can synthesize methane. Hence, the methanogenic bacteria are of great use in biogas plants.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Antibiotics of fungal origin are
    Solution
    The antibiotic is the chemical substance produced by bacteria and fungi that can kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms. Penicillins and cephalosporins are produced by the fungi Penicillium and Cephalosporium. Most of the antibiotics are produced by Gram-positive Streptomyces and a few Gram-negative unicellular bacteria. Gentamycin is made from the bacteria, Micromonospora.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Pasteurization makes food stuffs free from
    Solution
    Pasteurization is a heat treatment applied to foods to make it contamination free. Pasteurization inactivates most viable vegetative forms of microorganisms and kills almost all the microbes present in the food. In this process, food is heated to 72$$^0$$C for 15 seconds.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Pasteurisation is a process that is undertaken to
    Solution

    • Pasteurization is the process of heating a liquid or food to kill pathogenic bacteria. 
    • The use of pasteurization has helped to reduce the transmission of many diseases. 
    • The heating of the food and liquid products helps in the destruction of harmful bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. 
    • This process ensures that the food is treated and the food is safe to be consumed. 


    Thus, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Besides dung, the weed that can be used in biogas production is
    Solution
    Besides dung, the weed that can be used in biogas production is Eichornia crassipes. An aquatic weed like water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is used as a source of biogas through harvesting, chopping and crushing. Hence, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which bacteria was used as biopesticide, for the first time on the commercial scale in the world?
    Solution
    Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium. It is commonly used as a biological pesticide. It is the first used biopesticide in the world. The organism contains cry gene which produces toxin. The toxin gets activated in the gut of the pests and then kills the larvae of the pests which feeds on the leaves of the plants introduced with this gene.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a biofertilizer?
    Solution
    A bio-fertilizer is a substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.
    • AM stands for Arbuscular mycorrhiza. A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association
    between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. In this association, the fungus colonizes the host plant roots, either intracellular as in Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. They are an important component of soil life and soil chemistry. In the symbiotic associations of plant and fungi, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, which is formed between plants and Glomeromycota fungi, has the widest distribution in nature. AM fungi inhabit a variety of ecosystems including agricultural lands, forests, grasslands, and many stressed environments, and colonize the roots of most plants, including bryophyte, pteridophyte, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
    • PSM (Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms) as biofertilizers. In comparison to major nutrients, phosphorus is by far the least mobile and available to plants. PSM is employed that renders inorganic phosphorus to be available to plants in soluble form and mineralize organic phosphorus, (eco-friendly) limiting the use of fertilizers. 
    • SSB stands for silicate solubilizing bacteria. It also functions as a biofertilizer.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of roots of higher plants with
    Solution
    Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association of roots of higher plants with basidiomycetes fungi.
    Mycorrhizae are a strong association or symbiosis between the roots of a host plant and a mycorrhizal fungus. This relationship is mutually beneficial for both, the plant and the fungus.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
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