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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 29

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 29
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    What will happen if a wheat field is inoculated with bacterium Rhizobium?
    Solution
    Rhizobium is microaerobic rod-shaped bacteria present in the root nodules of legumes. It increases soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Thus, the plants get more availability of nitrogen. If Rhizobium is inoculated in the soil where the wheat crop is grown, there won't be any change in the amount of nitrogen as wheat is not a leguminous plant and so there will be absence of root nodules where the Rhizobium bacteria reside. Consequently, soil fertility will not change. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Biopesticide include
    Solution
    Biopesticides are the type of pesticides in which the living organisms are used for the destruction of the pests. They are used in the methods of pest management. This method focuses on the control of pests  by using predators or pathogens or enemies of the pests and insects. Biopesticides are the pesticides derived from natural materials. Bioinsecticides and bioherbicides come under the category of biopesticides. Bioinsecticides are used for the killing of pests and insects. Bioherbicides are used for the elimination of unwanted weeds and herbs. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following bacteria is associated with the production of bioinsecticide?
    Solution
    • Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a species of bacteria that can infect and kill insects and thus, it is used as an insecticide. 
    • It is used to control pests like butterfly caterpillars.
    • So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control
    Solution
    Correct Answer: D
    Explanation: 
    • $$\textit{Bacillus thuringiensis}$$ (Bt) is a soil bacterium that possesses a gene family, over its plasmid known as $$\textit{cry}$$ gene. 
    • These genes are capable of killing certain larvae of insects, as they synthesized an endotoxin Cry protein, called Bt toxins.
    • These genes are genetically engineered using bacteria, in many plants to form genetically modified organisms(GMO) making them bioinsecticide, do not require protection of insecticides. eg. Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, etc.
    • Bt toxins, when ingested by some insects(some), kill them, these include lepidopterans(tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans(beetles). and dipterans(flies, mosquitoes).
    • Hence, the correct answer is All of the above.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the examples of biofertilizers?
    Solution
    A biofertilizer is a suspension of the living organism which remains in close association with the soil and increases the fertility of the soil. It is applied to plant surfaces, or soil colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Blue-green algae is a free living nitrogen fixing bacteria. So, BGA has been recommended as a biofertilizer. VAM plays a great role in inducing plant growth. VAM are symbiotic entophytic soil fungi, which colonize the roots of approximately 80% plants. VAM also is used as biofertilizer. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Azolla increases rice productivity, due to its association with
    Solution
    Blue-green algae belonging to Cyanobacteria genus, Nostoc or Anabaena, fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both, under upland and lowland conditions. 
    Anabaena in association with water fern Azolla contributes nitrogen up to 60 kg/ha/season and also enriches soils with organic matter. Azolla is a floating pteridophyte, which contains as endosymbiont the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, Anabaena azollae. Widely cultivated in the Asian regions, Azolla is either incorporated into the soil before rice transplanting or grown as a dual crop along with rice. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Cheese ripening is done by __________-.
    Solution
    The Certain fungal population is known as cheese moulds play an important role in the ripening of cheese. They give the cheese a characteristic texture and flavour. The important kinds of mould refined cheese are - Camembert and Brie type and Roque fort gorgonzola and stilton type. These moulds concerned are Penicillium camemberti for the first type and Penicillium roquefortii for the second type. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following pairs serves as a biofertilizer?
    Solution
    Frankia is nitrogen fixing bacteria. It lives in symbiosis with actinorhizal plants. Bacteria of this genus also form root nodules. Blue-green algae belonging to a general cyanobacteria genus, Nostoc or Anabaena or Tolypothrix or Aulosira, fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both under upland and lowland conditions. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following plant is used as green manure?
    Solution
    Crotalaria juncea, known as sunn or sunn hemp, is a tropical Asian plant of the legume family (Fabaceae). It is generally considered to have originated in India. It is now widely grown throughout the tropics and subtropics as a source of green manure, fodder and lignified fiber obtained from its stem. Sunn hemp is also being looked at as a possible bio-fuel. It is most commonly used as green manure in India. 
    Vigna sinensis or cowpea is one of the most widely used legumes in the tropical world. The grain is used widely for human nutrition, especially in Africa. It is one of the most important tropical dual-purpose legumes, being used for vegetables (leaves and flowers), grain, as fresh cut and carry forage, and for hay and silage. The species has a high potential as a green manure. It can be incorporated into the soil or spread on the soil surface 8-10 weeks after sowing and can provide the equivalent of 80 kg/ha N to a subsequent crop.  
    Berseem is a nitrogen-fixing legume. It may require Rhizobium inoculation outside its native area. As a winter crop, it provides soil cover and prevents erosion. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The term antibiotic was coined by
    Solution
    • Antibiotics is discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. But in 1943, American microbiologist Selman Waksman (1888–1973) made the drug streptomycin from soil bacteria, the first of a new class of drugs called aminoglycosides. 
    • The term 'antibiotic' was coined by Waksman to describe a substance derived from naturally occurring microorganisms and possessing antimicrobial activity in high dilution.
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