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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 33

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 33
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Bread or idli dough rises because of
    Solution
    The species of yeasts which is commonly used for baking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae  and thus known as baker's yeasts. The yeast cells perform fermentation reactions. In these reactions, the fermentable sugars are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The yeast cells are added to the dough of idli, bread and cake. The carbon dioxide produced makes the dough to rise and become more soft and fluffy. This makes the fermented foods porous due to the trapping of carbon dioxide bubbles during baking. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Severity of the disease depends on the _______ of microbes.
    Solution
    The severity of the disease manifestation depends on the number of microbes in the body. If the number of microbes is small manifestation maybe minor. But, if the microbial load is large its effect can be severe. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Milk is converted into curd by 
    Solution
    • Milk is converted into curd by the action of the bacteria Lactobacillus. 
    • It multiplies and promotes the formation of curd in milk by converting milk protein casein into lactic acid.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Lactobacillus is commonly found in
    Solution
    Lactobacillus belongs to the group of bacteria which perform fermentation and convert the sugars into lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. This bacterium is present in the raw milk. This bacterium can also be added to the milk in the form of already synthesized curd where they multiplies and lactose sugar into lactic acid. The lactic acid which is produced gives a sour taste and the milk is converted to curd. These organisms are present in very high number in curd. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Examples of multicellular organisms are
    Solution
    • Algae are photosynthetic multicellular organisms. 
    • Fungi are multicellular nonphotosynthetic organisms. 
    • Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms.
    • A virus is an acellular infectious particle consisting of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a coat of protein.

    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The heat treatment that destroys harmful bacteria and also causes little nutrient damage is
    Solution
    This is one of the examples of physical methods to cause food preservation and is called pasteurization.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following can be controlled by using biopesticides?
    Solution
    Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides made up of living organisms. They are used to control pests, pathogens, diseases and weeds by a variety of means. They are cheaper and can be more effective than chemical pesticides in the long-term and biodegradable.
    So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following conditions are required during production of biogas?
    Solution
    • The production of biogas is performed in anaerobic reactors. There are bacteria that perform anaerobic fermentation which means without the use of oxygen. 
    • These bacteria perform anaerobic digestion of the waste matter from plants and animals. The decomposition of the organic matter results in the formation of biogas. 
    • Biogas is commonly used as clean and non-polluting fuel. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is used as a biological pesticide?
    Solution
    Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a soil bacteria commonly used as a biological pesticide because it produces toxins called as cry protein or toxin. On the ingestion of sap, toxin enters into the gut of the pests and blocks the gut by attaching with the epithelium of the wall. This blockage makes pests starved and thus they die. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    To produce penicillin, the main fermentable source in the culture is 
    Solution
    • Fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration in which organisms utilize food in the absence of oxygen. 
    • Penicillin is produced by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum which requires lactose, other minerals, and a source of nitrogen (in this case a yeast extract) in the medium to grow well.
    • So, the main fermentable source in the culture to produce penicillin is lactose.
    • Other minerals include amino acids and mineral salts. 
    • The pH of the culture is maintained at 5 and 6 and temperature is maintained at 26$$^o$$C.

    So, the correct answer is option B.
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