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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 36

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 36
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Thiomargarita namibiensis is found in
    Solution
    Thiomargarita namibiensis is the most recently discovered bacteria. This bacteria is found in the ocean sediments. This is the largest bacteria which has been discovered. The size of the bacteria ranges from 100-300 microns. The bacterial cells can be observed with naked eye. The bacterial cells are coccoid and are arranged in chains. It is the proteobacterium that is large enough to be visible to the naked eyes. The largest bacterium was first found on the coast of Namibia. So the correct answer is option A
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) air is pumped into water to
    Solution
    The waste water treatment plant has been set up in order to reduce the entry of the pollutants from the industries into the water bodies. The activated sludge method is used in the treatment of the waste water. The air is sparged in these aeration tanks. The air promotes the growth of the aerobic bacteria and other organisms which help in the breakdown of the organic matter which is present in the wastes.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Gastroenteritis is caused by
    Solution
    Gastroenteritis is commonly known as stomach flu. This infection may be caused due to protozoan, viruses, bacteria and fungi. Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan which causes gastroenteritis. Rotavirus or norovirus can cause viral gastroenteritis. Escherichia coli is the bacteria which is responsible for this infection. Candida albicans are the fungus which causes gastroenteritis. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The germ theory of diseases was established by
    Solution
    Louis Pasteur proposed the germ theory of disease. This theory explains that the disease is caused by the microorganisms which cannot be seen by naked eyes. These are small and microscopic organisms. These organisms are dependent on the host for activities like growth. He demonstrated that fermentation is the result of the action of microorganism on sugar. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Louis Pasteur'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Enriched vitamin tablets are produced from
    Solution
    • Spirulina is a cyanobacterium. This is a spiral shaped alga. The algae are considered as a source of many elements like iron, manganese and chromium. 
    • There are many essential amino acids. The algae is a source of vitamins like vitamin A, K$$_1$$, K$$_2$$, B$$_{12}$$, C, D and E.
    •  Due to the presence of vitamins, the algae is used for the preparation of the tablets which are enriched with the vitamins and are used as supplements.
    • Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Air pollution is caused by transport exhaust fumes and emission of gases like $$SO_2$$, $$CO_, NO_2$$ from industries. Similarly, water pollution is caused by _____________.
    Solution
    Human sewage is an important source of water pollution. If untreated sewage gets into rivers, microorganisms decompose it. They use oxygen from the water for aerobic respiration. As a result, there is less oxygen dissolved in water, so aquatic organisms such as fish and insects may be unable to survive. Like this, sewage is causing water pollution.
    So, the correct option is A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Pyrethrum is extracted from
    Solution
    Pyrethrum is a natural insecticide. This is obtained from the dried flowers of the plant Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Pyrethroids are the synthetic insecticides which are derived from Pyrethrum. The compound is toxic to insects and have an effect on the nervous system of the insects. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    .............. is an alternative source of energy.
    Solution
    • Ethanol can be produced from agricultural wastes with the help of a bacterial or fungal activity. 
    • The bacteria or fungi can perform anaerobic fermentation to produce ethanol. 
    • It can be produced at relatively less cost and acts as a cheap and clean-burning fuel. 
    • This liquid can be used as an alternative source of energy in place of LPG. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The antibiotic chloromycetin is obtained from 
    Solution
    Streptomyces venezualae is a soil actinomycete which produces the antibiotic chloramphenicol during its metabolism. The antibiotic is used in the treatment of a number of bacterial infections such as typhoid, cholera, and meningitis. Chloromycetin is the common trade name for chloramphenicol. 
    Thus the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The sedimented and floating materials are removed by this treatement process.
    Solution
    • Primary treatment removes material that will either float or readily settle out by gravity. It includes the physical processes of screening, comminution, grit removal, and sedimentation. Screens are made of long, closely spaced, narrow metal bars. They block floating debris such as wood, rags, and other bulky objects that could clog pipes or pumps. In modern plants, the screens are cleaned mechanically, and the material is promptly disposed of by burial on the plant grounds. A comminutor may be used to grind and shred debris that passes through the screens. The shredded material is removed later by sedimentation or flotation processes.
    • Secondary treatment removes the soluble organic matter that escapes primary treatment usually accomplished by biological processes in which microbes consume the organic impurities as food, converting them into carbon dioxide, water, and energy for their own growth and reproduction. The sewage treatment plant provides a suitable environment, albeit of steel and concrete, for this natural biological process. Removal of soluble organic matter at the treatment plant helps to protect the dissolved oxygen balance of a receiving stream, river, or lake.
    • Hence, the correct answer is 'Primary treatment'.
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