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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 56

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 56
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which disease is caused in children due to excessive use of nitrate fertilizers?
    Solution
    Methaemoglobinaemia caused by the decreased ability of blood to carry vital oxygen around the body. One of the most common causes is nitrate in drinking water. High nitrate levels may be present in drinking-water due to the use of manure and fertilizers on agricultural land. Infants are most often affected, and may seem healthy, but show signs of blueness around the mouth, hands and feet, hence, the common name 'Blue baby syndrome'.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Algal fertilizers are made up of
    Solution
    Azolla is a free-floating water fern that floats in water and fixes atmospheric nitrogen in association with nitrogen fixing blue green alga Anabena azollae. Azolla fronds consist of sporophyte with a floating rhizome and small overlapping bi-lobed leaves and roots. The symbiotic N$$_2$$ fixing water fern Azolla is used as an alternative nitrogen source or as a supplement to commercial nitrogen fertilizers. Azolla is used as biofertilizer for wetland rice and it is known to contribute 40-60 kg N/ha per rice crop.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Jute is obtained from
    Solution
    • Commercial jute fibre is obtained from two cultivated species such as Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius. 
    • Jute fibre is chiefly used for manufacturing hessian, twine, rope, sacking, backing for carpeting, jute blended yarn, jute decorative fabrics and webbing for upholstered furniture. 
    • As a natural fibre-producing crop, jute ranks next to cotton in importance. 

    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following, proved effective for biological control of nematode diseases in plants?
    Solution
    Some of the nematodes are human, animal, and plant pathogens. Paecilomyces lilacinus is a naturally occurring fungus found in soils throughout the world. As a pesticide active ingredient, Paecilomyces lilacinusis applied to soil to control nematodes that attack plant roots. In Paecilomyces lilacinus, the mode of action is through hyphal penetration. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    If wheat field is inoculated with Rhizobium, then
    Solution
    Rhizobium is an important symbiont for legumes but it plays an important role with nonlegumes by producing growth hormones. When wheat is inoculated with Rhizobium, no effects are observed in terms of growth and yield, which indicates that uptake of soil nitrogen is not seen as in legumes.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    A legume having symbiotic association with two nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium and Aerospirillum) is

    Solution
    Sesbania rostrata can bear nodules on roots and stem at the same time. The presence of Rhizobium species in nodulated roots and Aerospirillum in stem nodules is a characteristic feature of S.rostrata. 
    The nitrogen fixing bacteria enters the roots and leads to the incessant growth of the cortical cells which forms nodules which act as a primary site for the nitrogen fixation.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The prickly pear weed (Opuntia) became a menace and it has been successfully controlled by
    Solution
    Prickly pear cacti, Opuntia, were deliberately introduced into India in conjunction with the cochineal trade. These plants are also known for their edible fruits, drought resistance and emergency forage value of certain spineless forms, as botanical curiosities as well as garden ornamentals.
    Opuntia escaped from the intentionally cultivated fields and progressively occupied large areas of valuable grazing-lands. In 1787, O. vulgaris, a native of the coastal areas of southern Brazil and Uruguay, originally introduced by traders for production of cochineal dye was observed growing wild in south India. O. stricta and O. elatior  were also introduced for similar purpose and became serious agricultural pests in south India.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is correct?
    Solution
    • An activated sludge process refers to a multi-chamber reactor unit that makes use of microorganisms to degrade organic matter from wastewater to produce a high-quality effluent. Hence, it is a rich source of aerobic bacteria.
    • To maintain aerobic conditions and to keep the activated sludge suspended, a continuous and well-timed supply of oxygen is required.
    • Biogas is produced by the activity of anaerobic bacteria on animal waste (dung). 
    • Methanobacterium is an anaerobic bacterium found in the rumen of cattle.
    • Biogas comprises usually 50% to 80% methane and 20% to 50% carbon dioxide. There are traces of gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.

    So, the correct answer is 'Activated sludge-sediment in settlement tanks of the sewage treatment plant is a rich source of aerobic bacteria'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Microspores of massulae in Azolla are found in
    Solution
    Azolla is significant with the basipetal origin of mega and microsporangia on the same receptacle in a single sporocarp. Male spores (microspores) are extremely small and are produced inside each microsporangium. Curiously, microspores tend to adhere in clumps called as massulae. The microspore bearing massulae were attached to the megaspore by means of specialized hooked structures known as glochidia. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Bioaugmentation is 
    Solution
    Bioaugmentation is the addition of bacterial cultures to enhance the rate of degradation of a contaminant. It is used in municipal wastewater treatment to restart activated sludge bioreactors. 
    So, the correct answer is option A. 
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