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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 57

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 57
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The organism used in paper industry is
    Solution
    Phanerochaete chrysosporium has lignin-degrading enzymes and is the first wood-decay basidiomycete to have its genome sequenced. It is also called as the white rot fungus because of its specialized ability to degrade the lignin while leaving the white cellulose untouched. Its ability to leave pure white cellulose which is important in the industry of paper. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Cochineal insect has been used in checking the wild growth of
    Solution
    Opuntia is referred to as smooth prickly pear. The control of smooth prickly pear was the first biological weed control project. It is performed by using cochineal insects (Dactylopius spp.) or mealybugs (Hypogeococcus pungens). Cochineal insects are small plant-sucking bugs. The cactus moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) was used majorly in many countries like India and Australia.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Methane content of biogas is
    Solution
    Biogas is the commonly used fuel. It is characterized by the presence of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas comprises of usually 50% to 80% methane and 20% to 50% carbon dioxide. There are traces of gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The domestic sewage in large cities
    Solution
    • The municipal wastewater is called Sewage. 
    • It contains a large amount of organic matter and microbes. Before disposal, sewage is treated in Sewage Treatment Plants(STPs) to make it less polluted.
    • The treatment is done in two stages:
    1) Primary treatment
    2) Secondary treatment or Biological treatment
    • It is processed by aerobic and then anaerobic bacteria in the secondary treatment in STPs.
    • The BOD is a measure of the rate of uptake of oxygen by microorganisms in a sample of water thus, Indirectly, BOD is a measure of organic matter present in the water.

    So, the correct answer is 'Option A'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is an example of carrying out biological control of pests / diseases by using microbes?
    Solution
    Many species of Trichoderma are used for preventing fungal infections in plants. The fungus forms a symbiotic association with the roots of the plants and suppresses the growth of any other fungus. This property of the fungus is used for biological control of pests.
    Nucleo polyhedrosis virus is commonly used for the control of pets. The virus attacks the cell structure of the caterpillar and forms the crystals which kill the caterpillar. This property is also used for the destruction of fungus cells which acts on the plants. The virus os used to control white rust in Brassica species.
    Bt cotton is a product produced by the company Monsanto. The cotton plant is transgenically produced by introducing cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis in the cells of the plant. The cry gene is responsible for the production of crystal proteins called endotoxin. This protein causes pores in the gut of the pests and acts as an insecticide. This helps in increasing the yield of the crop. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Starter culture are useful and specific microbes for ?
    Solution
    • A starter culture is a microbiological culture that actually performs fermentation.
    • These starters are formed using a specific cultivation medium and a specific mix of fungal and bacterial strains. 
    • Specific microorganisms may be required to biodegrade the organic contaminants present in sewage. 
    • Employment of single microorganisms may not suffice the purpose. 
    • A mixture of microorganisms may have a cumulative effect on increasing biomass activity, growth efficiency, and enzyme production. 
    • In addition, the products of one microorganism act as a substrate for the other.

    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Modern detergents contain enzyme preparations of 
    Solution
    The modern detergents are prepared by the enzymes (25-30%) containing hydrolyases, proteases and cellulases. There are non-ionic detergents and soaps which can act within the pH of range 8 - 10. They work in the pH range which is higher and alkaline. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    An organism used as biofertilizer for raising soybean crop is 
    Solution
    • Rhizobium is nitrogen-fixing bacteria for leguminous crops (like soybean, groundnut, mung, chickpea, all types of beans, methi, alfalfa) in association with the roots of leguminous plants in the form of root nodules. 
    • These microorganisms fix the atmospheric nitrogen in the roots and make it available to plants, which plants cannot fix directly and makes the soil fertile and also increases the plant health.
    •  Whereas Nostoc, Azotobactor, and Azospirilum are the nitrogen-fixing bacteria for crops like tea, coffee, rice, etc. 

    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The concept of antibiosis (antagonism between living organisms) was propounded by
    Solution
    Vuillemin in 1889 used the term antibiosis (i.e., against life) to apply to the biology concept of the survival of the fittest, in which one organism destroys another to preserve its own life. It is from this root that the widely used term antibiotic has evolved.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Mud ball technique has been proposed by
    Solution
    The mud ball technique involves the use of a small amount of fertilizer, especially urea, placed in the center of the mud ball which is dried and placed in the rice field at the appropriate time. This technique was proposed after long years of study at The International Rice Research Institute in Philippines. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
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