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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 59

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 59
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Highest number of antibiotics are produced by
    Solution
    Streptomyces is the genus of the fungus. This group is known to be the largest producer of antibiotic in this world. The species are responsible for producing a maximum number of antibiotics. The number of the antibiotics which are produced increases every year. They synthesize the antibiotics which have a wide range of activity like antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic. They are also known to produce certain compounds which can act as immunosuppressants
    So, the correct answer is 'Streptomyces'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    During the production of tea, the flavouring of leaves is done with the help of
    Solution
    • The preparation and flavoring of leaves of tea and tobacco is due to the activities of Bacillus megaterium. 
    • The leaves of tea and tobacco are fermented using B. megaterium. The process is called curing. 
    • Apart from B. megaterium, Micrococcus candidans is also used as a flavoring and curing agent in tobacco leaves. 

    Thus, the correct answer is ''Bacillus megaterium.'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields of rice by using which of the following biofertilizer?
    Solution
    Farmers have reported over 50% higher yields of rice, by using Azolla pinnata as biofertilizer. Azolla is a free-floating water fern that floats in water and fixes atmospheric nitrogen in association with nitrogen fixing blue green alga Anabaena azollae. Azolla fronds consist of sporophyte with a floating rhizome and small overlapping bi-lobed leaves and roots. Rice growing areas in South East Asia and other third World countries have recently been evincing increased interest in the use of the symbiotic N$$_2$$ fixing water fern Azolla either as an alternate nitrogen source or as a supplement to commercial nitrogen fertilizers. Azolla is used as biofertilizer for wetland rice and it is known to contribute 40-60 kg N/ha per rice crop.
    So, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Select the correct statement.
    a) A single cell, Spirulina, can produce large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, vitamins etc.
    b) Body weight-wise, the micro-organism, Methylophilus methylotrophus, may be able to produce several times more proteins than the cows per day.
    c) Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of vitamin C.
    d) A rice variety has been developed which is very rich in calcium.
    Solution
    Spirulina belongs to cyanobacterium that can be consumed by human beings and other animals. In dried form, it contains about 60% (51–71%) protein which includes all essential amino acids. Other nutrients that are found in rich quantities in Spirulina are vitamin b- thiamine and riboflavin, dietary minerals- iron and manganese. Methylophilus methylotrophus belongs to the group Methylotrophs which includes both Gram-negative and Gram-positive genera. Methylophilus methylotrophus, a bacterium  can produce 25 tons of proteins. Button mushrooms provide 22 kilo calories of food energy and are an excellent source for Vitamins B, riboflavin and niacin as well as dietary minerals and phosphorous. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    A sewage treatment process, in which a part of decomposing bacteria present in the wastes is recycled into the starting of the process, is called ___________.
    Solution
    • The sewage treatment process consists of primary and secondary treatment. 
    • In primary treatment screening, filtration and sedimentation of sewage take place. 
    • After primary treatment, the waste stream is brought to an aeration tank. Air is put in and/or there is mechanical stirring which provides aeration of the waste which allows the growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs. 
    • When effluent is passed into the settling tank the flocs sediment. This sediment is called activated sludge. 
    • A portion of the settled sewage sludge is recycled and the remainder must be treated by composting or anaerobic digestion. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Antibiotics are obtained from
    Solution
    Antibiotics are chemical substance produced by the bacteria and fungi that kill or inhibit the growth of other bacteria and are used to treat bacterial infections. Many known antibiotics are produced by actinomycetes (particularly by representatives of the genus Streptomyces), which are filamentous soil bacteria. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The fertilizer obtained from the droppings of sea birds along the coasts of Chile and Peru is
    Solution
    Guano is a natural fertilizer derived from the deposits of feces and urine or dropping from seabirds, bat, and seals collected from the coastal areas. Guano is formed where favorable climatic conditions ensured a minimal loss of nutrients from organisms through leaching. It is mainly used for vegetable gardens. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    A compound which is produced by an organism and inhibits the growth of other organism is called as
    Solution
    The antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by bacteria and fungi. It inhibits the growth of or kills other bacteria; antibiotics sufficiently non-toxic to the host and thus are used in the treatment of infectious diseases.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The prerequisites for biotechnological production of antibiotics is
    Solution
    The antibiotic is the chemical substance produced by the microorganisms that can kill or inhibit the growth of the other microorganisms. It can be produced biotechnologically by identifying and culturing the antibiotic-producing microorganisms. Useful antibiotics are often discovered using a screening process. To conduct such a screen, isolates of many different microorganisms are cultured and then tested for production of products that inhibit the growth of test organisms. The best candidates are examined and modified by inserting isolated antibiotic coding genes with the help of vector such as plasmid. Once the process is complete, the antibiotic must be extracted and purified to a crystalline product. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is not true about antibiotics?
    Solution
    The antibiotic is the chemical substance produced by the microorganisms that can kill or inhibit the growth of the other microorganisms. There are two types of antibiotics on the basis of their action. The broad-spectrum antibiotic refers to an antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria. A broad-spectrum antibiotic act against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in contrast to a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, which is effective against specific families of bacteria. An example of a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic is ampicillin. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
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