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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 60

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 60
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The aquatic fern which is an excellent biofertilizer is
    Solution
    Correct option: B
    Explanation:

    • Azolla pinnata is an aquatic plant, frond floating upon the surface of the water. It grows in quiet and slow-moving water bodies because swift currents and waves break up the plant. It is a good biofertilizer. 
    • Pteridium aquilinum, also known as "eagle fern," is a species of fern occurring in temperate and subtropical regions in both hemispheres. It is not used as biofertilizer. 
    • Marsilea is a genus of approximately 65 species of aquatic ferns of the family Marsileaceae. It is not used as biofertilizer.
    • Salvinia, a genus in the family Salviniaceae, is a floating fern named in honour of Anton Maria Salvini. It is not used as a biofertilizer.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The microorganism grown on molasses and sold as a food flavouring substance is ?
    Solution
    • Yeast fermentation is the basis of baking as well as brewing industries.
    • The strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungus is commonly known as baker's yeast. 
    • The organism is widely used in the baking industry. It has the ability to produce desirable flavor. 
    • The organism is added to the dough of bread and cakes and allowed to perform fermentation. 
    • The fermentation is brought by converting the fermentable sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. 
    • The organisms are also cultured or grown on molasses. They bring about anaerobic fermentation and this helps in providing flavor to the substance. 

    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the pair of biofertilizers?
    Solution
    A. Correct option- A
    B. Explanation for correct option:

    • Biofertilizers are the suspension of microorganisms that mainly increases the growth of the plants.
    • These secrete growth-promoting substances.
    • The microorganisms in bio-fertilizers restore the soil's natural nutrient cycle and build soil organic matter. 
    • Bio-fertilizers such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium and blue-green algae (BGA) are used. 
    • Anabaena in association with water fern Azolla contributes nitrogen up to 60 kg/ha/season and also enriches soils with organic matter.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    What is the mode of bacterial resistance against antibiotics?
    Solution
    The antibiotic is the chemical substance produced by microorganisms can kill or inhibit the growth of the other microorganisms and thus used to treat bacterial and fungal infections. But some bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics by (1) enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs, (2) alteration of bacterial proteins that are antimicrobial targets, (3) changes in membrane permeability to antibiotics, (4) by a genetic mutation, (5) by acquiring resistance from another bacterium, (6) slime layer to protect the bacteria cells from environmental dangers such as antibiotics and desiccation. Antibiotic resistance can be either plasmid-mediated or maintained on the bacterial chromosome. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Mycorrhiza works as
    Solution
    Mycorrhiza is the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots in which both gets benefit from each other. Fungus acts as the plant's root hairs and acts as an extension of the root system for more absorption of nutrients and in turn receives carbohydrates (sugars) and growth factors from the plant, Plants with thick roots, poorly branched and with few root hairs, are usually more dependent on mycorrhizae for normal growth and development. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Mechanism of action of antibiotics are
    Solution
    The antibiotic is the chemical substance produced by the microorganisms that can kill or inhibit the growth of the other microorganisms. It can harm the bacteria by five basic mechanisms as inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, alteration of cell membranes, inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis and antimetabolite activity. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Rate limiting step in biogas production is
    Solution
    A) Correct option: B
    B) Explanation for correct option:

    • Biogas production takes place by the degradation of waste products.
    • The wastes are comprised of cellulose, starch and other polymeric molecules. 
    • Others can be degraded into simpler ones with the help of enzymatic activity. 
    • The cellulose fibres are made up of strong bonds and are difficult to be degraded with the help of other proteolytic enzymes than cellulase.
    • This is the step that limits the process of the formation of methane from the biogas plant. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which one of the following is left undergraded?
    Solution
    • Lignin is the most important factor affecting the hydrolysis of the cellulose component in lignocellulosic material. 
    • The initial degradation step is difficult because the lignin-carbohydrate complexes create a barrier for microbial conversion due to the crystalline structure. 

    Thus, lignin is left untreated during the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good antibiotic?
    Solution
    Some ideal characteristics of antibiotics are that it is soluble in bodily fluids, has selective toxicity, toxicity not easily altered, is non-allergenic, stability, resistance not easily acquired, long shelf life, reasonable cost, able to penetrate host cells, no effect on host defenses, broad spectrum, little/no side effects, does not destroy normal flora present in the host.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following, produces gas by decomposing the gobar (dung) in a gobar gas?
    Solution
    Biogas is an alternate source of energy produced by anaerobic breakdown or digestion of biomass such as animal excreta and kitchen wastes with the help of methanogenic bacteria. Biogas is made up of methane (50-70%), carbon dioxide (30-40%) with traces of nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen. Biogas generation is a three-stage anaerobic digestion of animal and other organic wastes. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
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