Microbes in Human Welfare Test

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 65

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Third generation pesticides are

A
Pheromones

B
Juvenile hormone analogues

C
Insect repellents

D
Pathogens

Solution

The third generation pesticides are basically the modified forms of the insect hormones that show a great specificity to the pest or insect targetted. The juvenile hormone analogues such as methoprene, hydroprene and fenoxycarb do not kill the insect directly but prevent the development of their larvae. Gradually, they decrease the population of the insect as the adult insects will never be formed.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Juvenile hormone analogues'
Question 2
1 / -0

Water is often treated with chlorine to

A
Increase oxygen content

B
Kill germs

C
Remove hardness

D
Remove suspended particles
Solution
A. Correct option - B
B. Explanation for correct option -
When water is treated with chlorine it is said as chlorination .
Water is often chlorinated to kill the germs .
The method is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes in tap water because chlorine is highly toxic for them .
Question 3
1 / -0

Study the following statements regarding lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which are used to convert milk into curd.
(i) They produce adds that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.
(ii) A small amount of curd added to the fresh milk as an inoculum contains millions of LAB, which at suitable temperature, multiply and convert milk into curd.
(iii) Conversion of milk into curd improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin $$B_{12}$$.
(iv) LAB may result in acidity in the stomach of human beings.
Which of the given statements are correct?

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(ii) and (iii)

C
(i), (ii) and (iii)

D
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

Microbes such as. Lactobacillus and others commonly called lactic acid bacteria (LAB) grow in milk and convert it into curd. During growth, such bacteria produce adds (mainly lactic add) that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins. A small amount of curd, known as starter, is added to the milk and kept at a suitable temperature, where lactic acid bacteria multiply in millions and converts milk into curd that also improves its nutritional quality by increasing vitamin BI2. It also checks the growth of disease-causing microbes in the stomach.
So, the correct answer is '(i), (ii) and (iii)'
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following food items is produced by the fermenting activity of microbes?
A. Milk
B. Dosa
C. Toddy
D. Cheese

A
A and C

B
C and D

C
A, B and C

D
B, C and D
Solution
- Cheese is one of the oldest milk products prepared with the help of microbes.
- Dosa, Upma are fermented preparation of rice and black gram.
- The two are allowed to ferment for 3-12 hours with air-borne Leuconostoc and Streptococcus species of bacteria.
- Toddy is a traditional drink of some parts of South India which is made by fermentation of sap of palms.
So, the correct answer is 'B, C and D'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following antibiotics is not correctly matched with the source from which it is obtained?

A
Antibiotic - Penicillin, Source - Penicillium chrysogenum

B
Antibiotic - Bacitracin, Source - Bacillus licheniformis

C
Antibiotic - Griseofulvin, Source - Penicillium griseofulvum

D
Antibiotic - Streptomycin, Source - Bacillus griseus

Solution

Streptomydn is obtained from Streptomyces griseus. It is found useful in meningitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and local infections.
Question 6
1 / -0

Select the correct option:
Identify the enzymes 1 and 2 in the given reaction and select the correct option.

A
1-Ethanol dehydrogenase; 2-Pyruvate decarboxylase

B
1-Ethanol decarboxylase ; 2-Pyruvate dehydrogenase

C
1-Pyruvate decarboxylase ; 2- Ethanol dehydrogenase

D
1-Pyruvate dehydrogenase ; 2- Ethanol dehydrogenase

Solution

The given reaction represents alcoholic fermentation. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted into ethanol in a two step pathway. Ethyl alcohol fermentation is quite common in fungi (e.g., Rhizopus, yeast) and bacteria. In yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated to form acetaldehyde which is then reduced by NADH to form ethanol.
Question 7
1 / -0

Bt toxin protein crystals present in bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, do not kill the bacteria themselves because

A
Bacteria are resistant to the toxin

B
Toxins occor as inactive protoxins in bacteria

C
Bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac

D
None of these

Solution

Soil bacterium Bacillus thruingiensis (Bt) produces proteins that kill certain insects like lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).Bacillus thuringinesis forms some intracellular protein crystals. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive toxin and is converted into an active form due to the alkaline pH of the alimentary canal that solubilities the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and creates pores which cause cell swelling and lysis and finally cause the death of the insect.
So, the correct answer is 'Toxins occur as inactive protoxins in bacteria'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Vitamin $$B_{12}$$ is an important vitamin required for normal human body functions. Is is produced only by a commensal bacteria present in our intestine and our body absorbs vitamin $$B_{12}$$ through a glycoprotein called "Intrinsic factor". A disease called the "Blind Loop Syndrome" (BLS) occurs due to over proliferation of this bacterial flora affecting the normal process of digestion and absorption and also leads to vitamin $$B_{12}$$ deficiency. The appropriate treatment regime for BLS would involve

A
Oral administration of vitamin $$B_{12}$$

B
Oral administration of intrinsic factor

C
Suppression of the commonsel bacterial growth using an appropriate agent

D
Intake of the commensal bacteria that produce vitamin $$B_{12}$$

Solution

Vitamin B$$_{12}$$ is produced by a commensal bacteria in our intestine and absorbed through the intrinsic factor. Blind Loop Syndrome (BLS) occurs due to over-proliferation of this bacterial flora and thus, affecting the normal process of digestion and absorption and also leads to vitamin B$$_{12}$$ deficiency. In order to treat this disorder, it is necessary to control the growth of the commensal. This can be done by suppression of the bacterial growth by using an agent.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

Monascus purpureus is a yeast commercially used in the production of

A
Citric acid

B
Ethanol

C
Blood cholesterol lowering statins

D
Streptokinase for removing dots from blood vessels

Solution

This yeast produces a number of strains. However, discoveries of cholesterol lowering strains produced by the mould has prompted research into its possible medical uses.
So, the correct answer is 'blood cholesterol lowering strains'.
Question 10
1 / -0

A nitrogen fixing microbe associated with the fern Azolla in rice fields is:

A
Frankia

B
Rhizobium

C
Spirulina

D
Anabaena

Solution

Anabaena azollae, a cyanobacterium that lives in symbiotic association with the free-floating water fern Azolla. Anabaena azollae can grow Photo-autotrophically and fixes atmospheric nitrogen. The inoculation of cyanobacteria in rice crops significantly influences the growth of rice crop by secretion of ammonia in floodwater.

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 65

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 65

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Pheromones

Juvenile hormone analogues

Insect repellents

Pathogens

Solution

Question 2

Increase oxygen content

Kill germs

Remove hardness

Remove suspended particles

Solution

Question 3

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 4

A and C

C and D

A, B and C

B, C and D

Solution

Question 5

Antibiotic - Penicillin, Source - Penicillium chrysogenum

Antibiotic - Bacitracin, Source - Bacillus licheniformis

Antibiotic - Griseofulvin, Source - Penicillium griseofulvum

Antibiotic - Streptomycin, Source - Bacillus griseus

Solution

Question 6

1-Ethanol dehydrogenase; 2-Pyruvate decarboxylase

1-Ethanol decarboxylase ; 2-Pyruvate dehydrogenase

1-Pyruvate decarboxylase ; 2- Ethanol dehydrogenase

1-Pyruvate dehydrogenase ; 2- Ethanol dehydrogenase

Solution

Question 7

Bacteria are resistant to the toxin

Toxins occor as inactive protoxins in bacteria

Bacteria enclose toxins in a special sac

None of these

Solution

Question 8

Oral administration of vitamin $$B_{12}$$

Oral administration of intrinsic factor

Suppression of the commonsel bacterial growth using an appropriate agent

Intake of the commensal bacteria that produce vitamin $$B_{12}$$

Solution

Question 9

Citric acid

Ethanol

Blood cholesterol lowering statins

Streptokinase for removing dots from blood vessels

Solution

Question 10

Frankia

Rhizobium

Spirulina

Anabaena

Solution

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