Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 25

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cleave DNA molecules into smaller fragments. Which type of bond do they act on?

A
N-glycosidic bond

B
Phosphodiester bond

C
Hydrogen bond

D
Disulfide bond

Solution

Restriction enzymes are the endonucleases which cleave the DNA at specific sites. These enzymes act on the phosphodiester bond which attaches two nucleotides in the polynucleotide chain. There are specific restriction sites at which the enzymes make blunt or staggered cuts to produce the fragments of the DNA.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

Restriction enzymes are isolated chiefly from?

A
Algae

B
Fungi

C
Protozoans

D
Prokaryotes
Solution
- The bacteria (prokaryotes) contain special types of enzymes called the restriction enzymes.
- These enzymes are responsible for cleaving the viral DNA that enters the bacterial cell for the infection, thereby restricting the growth of the virus particles.
- Therefore, these are nucleases.
- These do not degrade the DNA of the bacterial cell because the DNA is protected by methylation.
- Due to their specific cleaving activity, the restriction enzymes are widely used in rDNA technology.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Prokaryotes'
Question 3
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases are used as

A
Molecular build up at nucleotides

B
Molecular degradation to break up a DNA

C
Molecular knives for cutting DNA at specific sites

D
Molecular cement to combine DNA sites

Solution

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. In most practical settings, a given enzyme cuts both strands of duplex DNA within a stretch of just a few bases. Several thousand different restriction endonucleases have been isolated, which collectively exhibit a few hundred different sequence (substrate) specificities.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
1 / -0

What are GMOs?

A
Genetically modified organisms

B
Gross modified organisms

C
Genetically multiplied organisms

D
All of the above

Solution

Plants, animals or micro organisms that have changed through genetic engineering are termed genetically modified organisms or GMOs. Bacteria were the first organisms to be genetically modified.
Question 5
1 / -0

Identify the correct match for the given apparatus.

A
Apparatus- Gene gun, Function- Vectorless direct gene transfer

B
Apparatus- Column chromatograph, Function- Separation of chlorophyll pigments

C
Apparatus- Stirred tank bioreactor, Function- Carry out fermentation process

D
Apparatus- Respirometer, Function- Finding out rate of repiration

Solution

The image in the question is of stirred tank bioreactors. It used to carry out microbial fermentation for the production of life saving antibiotics.
Bioreactor types range from small, <1-L benchtop units to 10,000-L systems for large-scale industrial applications, and can be batch type or continuous flow, in which materials flow constantly through the unit. Tight control over parameters such as temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen, and stirring rate will produce the most satisfactory results—namely, maximized cell growth and productivity.
Question 6
1 / -0

Biotechnology involves manipulation of

A
Structure and action of molecules

B
Genes for numerous purposes

C
Both

D
None

Solution

Biotechnology involves manipulation of 1) structure and action of molecules and 2) genes for numerous purposes ranging from producing drugs(like insulin) from bacteria, to introduce beneficial genes in plants and animals to obtain desired chemical substances in their products.
Question 7
1 / -0

PCR technology is used in DNA analysis to determine

A
Kinship

B
Maternity

C
Paternity

D
All of the above

Solution

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA to produce multiple copies of the same sequence. PCR can be used as a diagnostic tool for various purposes. The sample can be amplified by PCR and DNA fingerprinting can be performed to identify the relationship between the individuals. The maternal, paternal and the siblings will have the similar genetic composition and can be identified with the help of PCR.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 8
1 / -0

____ results in change in genetic makeup of organisms.

A
Genetic appliance

B
Genetic diversity

C
Genetic engineering

D
All of the above

Solution

Genetic engineering, also called as genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.
Question 9
1 / -0

Arrange the following in sequential order of their usage in recombinant DNA technology.
I) Calcium chloride
II) DNA ligase
III) Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
IV) Restriction endonuclease

A
(I), (IV), (III), (II)

B
(IV), (I), (II), (III)

C
(I), (IV), (II), (III)

D
(III), (IV), (II), (I)
Solution
- Recombinant DNA technology includes techniques for the creation of recombinant DNA which carries DNA from two different sources.
- It includes isolation of target DNA, cutting of DNA at precise locations using restriction endonucleases, selection of a small molecule of DNA that can self-replicate, called cloning vectors, insertion of DNA with the gene of interest in vector DNA to make recombinant DNAs, insertion of recombinant DNA to a host cell that will provide the enzymatic machinery for DNA replication and selection of host cells that contain recombinant DNA.
- Thus, among the given options, EDTA is first used to drive the lysis of bacterial cells to isolate target DNA and vector molecule.
- Then, restriction enzymes (IV) are used for cutting the desired DNA sequence followed by use of DNA ligase (II) enzyme to join the desired gene sequence with vector DNA and the recombinant DNA molecule is produced.
- This is followed by the insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell, for which calcium chloride (I) mediated gene transfer technique can be used.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

More advancement in genetic engineering is due to

A
Restriction endonuclease

B
Reverse transcriptase

C
Protease

D
Zymase

Solution

The discovery of enzymes that could cut and paste DNA made genetic engineering possible. Restriction enzymes are DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria and harvested from them for use. Because they cut within the molecule, they are often called restriction endonucleases. A restriction enzyme recognizes and cuts DNA only at a particular sequence of nucleotides. So, restriction endonucleases are used for separation of genetic material.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 25

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 25

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

N-glycosidic bond

Phosphodiester bond

Hydrogen bond

Disulfide bond

Solution

Question 2

Algae

Fungi

Protozoans

Prokaryotes

Solution

Question 3

Molecular build up at nucleotides

Molecular degradation to break up a DNA

Molecular knives for cutting DNA at specific sites

Molecular cement to combine DNA sites

Solution

Question 4

Genetically modified organisms

Gross modified organisms

Genetically multiplied organisms

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

Apparatus- Gene gun, Function- Vectorless direct gene transfer

Apparatus- Column chromatograph, Function- Separation of chlorophyll pigments

Apparatus- Stirred tank bioreactor, Function- Carry out fermentation process

Apparatus- Respirometer, Function- Finding out rate of repiration

Solution

Question 6

Structure and action of molecules

Genes for numerous purposes

Both

None

Solution

Question 7

Kinship

Maternity

Paternity

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

Genetic appliance

Genetic diversity

Genetic engineering

All of the above

Solution

Question 9

(I), (IV), (III), (II)

(IV), (I), (II), (III)

(I), (IV), (II), (III)

(III), (IV), (II), (I)

Solution

Question 10

Restriction endonuclease

Reverse transcriptase

Protease

Zymase

Solution

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