Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 26

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Use of microbes to manufacture certain food, drugs and chemicals etc. is known as

A
Microbiology

B
Biotechnology

C
Hybridization

D
All of the above
Solution
Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).
So, using microbes or the living cells to manufacture certain food, drugs (medicines) and chemicals, etc is known as biotechnology.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoa.
Hybridization is the process of producing offspring by mating two parents from different varieties or species.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

The usual source of restriction endonucleases used in gene cloning is from

A
Fungi

B
Bacteria

C
Plants

D
Viruses

Solution

Restriction endonucleases are naturally occurring defence mechanism of bacteria to digest any foreign DNA molecule. Restriction endonucleases recognize specific sequences, mostly 4-6 bp, in the DNA and cut it into fragments by breaking the phosphodiester linkage between two successive nucleotides of DNA. As these restriction sites may be present in bacterial DNA itself, DNA methylase enzyme carry out methylation of DNA to protect own DNA in bacteria from restriction digestion. Thus, option B is correct answer.
Question 3
1 / -0

The process of polymerase chain reaction most closely mirrors to that of

A
Replication

B
Transcription

C
Translation

D
Meiosis

Solution

The principle of PCR is the semiconservative nature of DNA replication which means that exact 2 copies of same strands are produced after replication. Each replication produces exactly same copies of the DNA. The no. of strands formed can be calculated by 2$$^n$$ (where n is no. of cycles). Semi word is used because the parental dsDNA is separated and each of these strand act as the template strand. It is very widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology to make copies of sample DNA.
Question 4
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases are useful in

A
Breaking DNA at specific sites

B
Creating sticky ends

C
Both A and B

D
Crossing over
Question 5
1 / -0

Which scientist obtained interferon through recombinant DNA technology?

A
Kohler and Milstein

B
Charles Weismann

C
Nathans and Smith

D
Maurice Wilkins

Solution

Interferons are the glycoproteins that are secreted by a host cell to serve as signalling molecules. They block the multiplication of viruses in the cells by inducing the immune response of the neighbouring cell. Engineered interferons are used in medicines to treat cancer and other diseases. Charles Weissmann clone the human interferon $$\alpha$$ genes and produce interferon in bacteria.
Question 6
1 / -0

Match the entries in Column I with those of Column II and choose the correct answer.
Column - I Column - II
(A) Restriction endonucleases (P) Kohler and Milstein
(B) Polymerase chain reaction (Q) Alec Jeffreys
(C) DNA fingerprinting (R) Arber
(D) Monoclonal antibodies (S) Karry Mullis

A
$$(A) - (R), (B) - (S), (C) - (Q), (D) - (P)$$

B
$$(A) - (R), (B) - (Q), (C) - (S), (D) - (P)$$

C
$$(A) - (Q), (B) - (R), (C) - (S), (D) - (P)$$

D
$$(A) - (Q), (B) - (S), (C) - (R), (D) - (Q)$$

Solution

Restriction enzymes are enzymes that cut a DNA molecule at a particular place. Its mode of action was first demonstrated by Werner Arber in 1906.
Polymerase chain reaction is used for amplification of DNA which was first demonstrated by Kary Mullis.
DNA fingerprinting is used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in a criminal investigation. It was first developed by Alec Jeffreys.
Monoclonal antibodies are the specific antibodies produced by myeloma cells and spleen cells immunised by a specific antigen. It was first produced by Kohler and Milstein.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

A scientist is trying to engineer a plasmid for purposes of genetically modifying crops.
What is the most appropriate first step in the process?

A
Identify the gene of interest that will confer a benefit in the genetically modified crop.

B
Cut both the plasmid and the gene with the same restriction enzyme.

C
Use ligase to anneal the gene in the bacterial chromosome.

D
Select the bacteriophage that will be used as a vector for gene delivery.

Solution

Plasmid can be used as a vector for transferring a foreign gene of desired property in to a plant, the gene is required to be identified and amplified by PCR or other similar technique and then inserted into the plant.
So, the correct answer is 'dentify the gene of interest that will confer a benefit in the genetically modified crop'
Question 8
1 / -0

Ampicillin-sensitive bacteria are exposed to a plasmid containing the gene for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. They are then spread on two agar growth plates. Plate A contains growth medium only. Plate B contains growth medium and ampicillin.
Which plate might be expected to have cultures of ampicillin-resistant bacteria growing on it?

A
Plate A only

B
Plate B only

C
Both plate A and plate B

D
Neither plate A nor plate B

Solution

When Ampicillin sensitive bacteria are exposed to plasmid containing the gene for resistance, all the sensitive strains will be now insensitive or resistant to Ampicillin, when grown on nutrient media with and without ampicillin, both will be having colonies of ampicillin resistant bacteria as the sensitive form has been converted to resistant form prior to segregating in growth plates.
So, the correct answer is 'Both plate A and plate B'
Question 9
1 / -0

The function of a selectable marker is ?

A
Identify ori site

B
To destroy recognition sites

C
Eliminating transformants and permitting non-transformants

D
Elimination of non-transformants and permitting transformants
Solution
(A) Correct option (D)
(B) Explanation of correct answer:
A marker gene is a gene used to determine if a nucleic acid sequence has been successfully inserted into an organism's DNA.
The genes that provide resistance to various antibiotics are used as selective markers in cloning vectors.
Only those cells which have been transformed successfully can be traced by a selective marker.
So, this helps in eliminating non-transformants and permitting transformants.
Question 10
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases will make two types of cuts, those that result in blunt ends (A) and ends with overhangs of one strand (B).
Based on the chemical characteristics of the fragment ends, predict which type of digest is more likely to happen?

A
The blunt fragments are more likely because the re-annealing process is a seamless connection.

B
The blunt fragments are more likely, because of complementarity of the adjoining fragments

C
The overhang ends are more likely because the overhangs fit like two puzzle pieces.

D
The overhang ends are more likely because of base complementarity leading to optimal hydrogen bonding.

Solution

The ligation of blunt ends is more difficult to occur and requires high concentration of blunt end fragments that are to be ligated. High concentration of enzyme ligase, low concentration of ATP and PEG for ligation to occur. However, this can be easily achieved if the restriction enzymes cut the DNA with staggering ends, the ligation occurs naturally with other DNA fragments with complementary base pairs.Therefore, of the two types of cuts by different types of restriction enzymes, the sticky end cuts are more preferable over blunt ends.
So, the correct answer is 'The overhang ends are more likely because of base complementarity leading to optimal hydrogen bonding'

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

	Column - I		Column - II
(A)	Restriction endonucleases	(P)	Kohler and Milstein
(B)	Polymerase chain reaction	(Q)	Alec Jeffreys
(C)	DNA fingerprinting	(R)	Arber
(D)	Monoclonal antibodies	(S)	Karry Mullis

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 26

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 26

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Microbiology

Biotechnology

Hybridization

All of the above

Solution

Question 2

Fungi

Bacteria

Plants

Viruses

Solution

Question 3

Replication

Transcription

Translation

Meiosis

Solution

Question 4

Breaking DNA at specific sites

Creating sticky ends

Both A and B

Crossing over

Question 5

Kohler and Milstein

Charles Weismann

Nathans and Smith

Maurice Wilkins

Solution

Question 6

$$(A) - (R), (B) - (S), (C) - (Q), (D) - (P)$$

$$(A) - (R), (B) - (Q), (C) - (S), (D) - (P)$$

$$(A) - (Q), (B) - (R), (C) - (S), (D) - (P)$$

$$(A) - (Q), (B) - (S), (C) - (R), (D) - (Q)$$

Solution

Question 7

Identify the gene of interest that will confer a benefit in the genetically modified crop.

Cut both the plasmid and the gene with the same restriction enzyme.

Use ligase to anneal the gene in the bacterial chromosome.

Select the bacteriophage that will be used as a vector for gene delivery.

Solution

Question 8

Plate A only

Plate B only

Both plate A and plate B

Neither plate A nor plate B

Solution

Question 9

Identify ori site

To destroy recognition sites

Eliminating transformants and permitting non-transformants

Elimination of non-transformants and permitting transformants

Solution

Question 10

The blunt fragments are more likely because the re-annealing process is a seamless connection.

The blunt fragments are more likely, because of complementarity of the adjoining fragments

The overhang ends are more likely because the overhangs fit like two puzzle pieces.

The overhang ends are more likely because of base complementarity leading to optimal hydrogen bonding.

Solution

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