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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 27

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 27
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The restriction enzyme, Eco RI, recognizes and cuts the sequence below.
    Based on the cut pattern, what types of bonds are cleaved by the action of the enzyme?

    Solution
    Restriction enzymes cleave the covalent phosphodiester between sugar and phosphate, hydrogen bonds that hold together two complementary nitrogen bases are weak bonds that do not require any enzyme mediated separation.
    So, the correct answer is 'Covalent bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups'



  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    ECORI cleaves the DNA strands to produce
    Solution
    • Sticky ends are formed when the restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule at such a position that it leaves an overhanging stretch of the nitrogenous base which can pair with the complementary base pairs. 
    • EcoRI cut through the DNA strands at nucleotides that overhangs at the end.
    • This overhanging nucleotide strand is called a sticky end because it can easily bond with complementary DNA fragments. So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Direct gene transfer was first used in 
    Solution
    The method in which there is no involvement of the vector in the gene transfer is known as the direct gene transfer method. Different chemicals like PEG and calcium phosphate are used to make the cells competent which can take up the recombinant DNA. The method of direct gene transfer was first applied to the tobacco plant. An antibiotic resistance gene was transferred in the plant cell. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Transfer of genetic material into a bacterial cell through a viral vector is known as
    Solution
    • The process of transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another with the help of vector, that is, the virus is called transduction. Transduction does not require physical contact between the cells for donating the DNA.
    •  In the transduction process, bacteriophage DNA gets incorporated into the bacterial genome and replicates with the bacterial genome. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    During gene cloning, the enzyme used to join the insert DNA with the plasmid vector is
    Solution
    • The process of cloning starts with the cleavage of foreign DNA by a restriction endonuclease enzyme. 
    • The cleaved DNA is ligated to the plasmid vector for its transformation into the host cell. 
    • The DNA is ligated by DNA ligase by the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The enzymes which are absolutely necessary for recombinant DNA technology are :
    Solution
    • Recombinant DNA technology is the method which involves cutting and joining of different DNA fragments.
    • This rDNA is then inserted into the host and allowed to produce the desired product. 
    • The restriction enzymes are the enzymes which cleaves the DNA at specific recognition sites.
    • This helps in the production of fragments and desired genes. The enzyme ligases are used to join or ligate the fragments. 
    • These are two important enzymes with respect to rDNA technology.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Electroporation is also known as
    Solution
    Electroporation is also called as electropermeabilization. It is a technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells so as to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing DNA to enter into the cell. In molecular biology, the process of electroporation is often used to transform bacteria, yeast or plant protoplasts. Electroporation is also highly efficient for the introduction of foreign genes into tissue culture cells. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    In nomenclature of REN (restriction endo - nuclease) $$Hind$$ $$III$$, III stands for 
    Solution
    • Restriction enzymes are named based on the organism in which they were discovered. 
    • The first three letters of the name are italicized because they abbreviate the genus and species names of the organism. $$Hind$$ $$III$$ enzyme was isolated from Haemophilus influenzae .
    • The fourth letter is for the bacterial strain designation. 
    • Typically, the Roman numeral indicates the order in which restriction enzymes were discovered in a particular strain.

    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    EcoRI is
    Solution
    EcoRI is the restriction enzyme. This is also known as restriction endonucleases. These are the enzymes which can identify the recognition sites. The recognition is the of the enzyme is GAATTC. These are the sites at which the enzyme cleaves the DNA specifically. These enzymes are commonly used in the rDNA technology and genetic engineering techniques. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    What is the name for mobile genetic elements?
    Solution
    • Transposons are mobile genetic elements. 
    • These are segments of DNA that can move around to different positions in the genome of a single cell. 
    • It is a segment of DNA that is capable of moving into a new position within the same or another chromosome or plasmid. It is also called the jumping genes.
    • So, the correct answer is option D.
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