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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 28

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 28
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following bacteria causes crown gall disease?
    Solution
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium. It is the causative agent of crown gall disease. It has a Ti-plasmid which have the tumour causing genes. This gene causes the formation of the tumor when the plant is infected with the bacterium. The bacterium enters the plant when there is some wound or injury caused to the plant. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    A desirable change in genotype of an organism is obtained by
    Solution
    • Recombinant DNA or rDNA technology is based on the principle of introducing the foreign gene that provides desirable character to the plant or animal, in order to modify the phenotype. 
    • For example, the introduction of cry genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into the crop plants like cotton made the cotton resistant against the bollworms.
    Hence, the correct answer is ‘rDNA technology’.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Alec Jeffreys used .......... as genetic marker.
    Solution
    The technique of isolating and sequencing the DNA is called DNA fingerprinting. This technique was developed by Alec Jeffrey in 1984. Generally, a small amount of DNA is obtained from the samples.  PCR technique is used to amplify the DNA molecules present in a small sample in order to obtain a large amount of DNA sequence for the test. This is followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RFLP analysis is used to identify the repeated sequences by detecting a specific sequence pattern to the Variable Number Tandem Repeats which becomes that individual's DNA profile also called as genetic markers. Thus the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that are used by biotechnologists to 
    Solution
    The restriction endonucleases are the enzymes which cleave the DNA at specific recognition sites present in the DNA sequences. This helps in the production of fragments and desired genes. This enzyme is widely used with respect to the recombinant DNA technology. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    How many linear DNA fragments will be produced when a circular plasmid is digested with a restriction enzyme having $$3$$ sites?
    Solution
    A circular plasmid can be cleaved using restriction enzymes. These restriction enzymes cleave the plasmid at specific sites. On cleaving a circular DNA 3 fragments of DNA will be obtained as there are 3 recognition sites for restriction enzyme. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In the nomenclature of enzyme restriction endonuclease, the roman numeral indicates
    Solution
    The convention for naming restriction enzyme is as follows:
    • The first letter of the name comes from genus and second letter comes from the species of the bacteria or prokaryotic cell from which the enzyme was isolated.
    • The next alphabet is derived from the name of strain.
    • The roman number indicates the order in which the enzymes were isolated from the strain of bacteria.
    So, the correct answer is 'The order of discovery from source'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    PCR is related with 
    Solution
    Polymerase chain reaction is a technique which is mainly used to amplify a DNA segment. It was given by Kary Mullis. The sample DNA strand is denatured by heating at the temperature of 95$$^o$$C. Each strand act as the template for the new strand. The primers are annealed at 55 $$^o$$C to all the template. In the third step, the temperature is raised to about 72$$^o$$C and the DNA polymerase also known as Taq polymerase begins adding nucleotides onto the ends of the annealed primers. 
    The key ingredients of polymerase chain reaction are Taq polymerase which is DNA polymerase enzyme that makes new DNA isolated from bacterium Thermus acquaticus.
    So, the correct answer is option A.

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Science of engineering and technology which is applied to life sciences is called?
    Solution
    • Science of engineering and technology which is applied to life sciences is called biotechnology. 
    • Genetic engineering is the use of engineering in order to modify the genetic makeup of an organism. 
    • Pathology is the study of diseases. 
    • Conchology is the study of shells of Mollusca.
      Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Restriction endonucleases were discovered by
    Solution
    • Restriction endonucleases were discovered by Arber et al. They are used in genetic engineering for gene manipulation.
    • It cuts DNA base pairs at specific sites. They cut the base pairs within the molecule so they are named as an endonuclease. 3000 restriction enzyme has been discovered till now.
    • They are known as molecular scissors as they are used to cut a single gene from a larger piece of DNA. 
    • The restriction enzyme Eco RI, Bam II, and Hind Ill are used in recombinant DNA technology to produce cuts in vector and other DNA molecules to obtain chimeric DNA.

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Two bacteria commonly employed in genetic engineering are
    Solution
    Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. In this, specific genes from one organism are transferred into the chromosome of another organism. Two bacteria commonly employed in genetic engineering are Escherichia and Agrobacterium. Escherichia is widely used in because it is easy and inexpensive to grow. It is easy to manipulate the genome of Escherichia. Agrobacterium is used because of its ability to transfer genes to plants and fungi due to presence of Ti plasmid.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Escherichia and Agrobacterium.'
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