Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 3

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use".

Recombinant Protein is a protein encoded by a gene — recombinant DNA — that has been cloned in a system that supports expression of the gene and translation of messenger RNA (see expression system). Modification of the gene by recombinant DNA technology can lead to expression of a mutant protein. Protein encoding genes are commonly described as structural or regulatory. Structural gene encodes enzymes and structural protein.

CaCl₂ can be used to make the bacterial cell a permeable cell, and by introducing these cells (after CaCl₂ being placed into the mixture of bacterial cells), a plasmid for ampicillin resistance can be transformed into the bacteria. The standard method for making the bacteria permeable to DNA involves treatment with calcium ions.

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell.

Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis. It is commonly abbreviated as "EtBr", which is also an abbreviation for bromoethane. When exposed to ultraviolet light, it will fluoresce with an orange colour, intensifying almost 20-fold after binding to DNA. It fluoresces at the wavelength at 254 nm.

Phage is a virus that infects bacteria. Such viruses transfer their genetic materials into host bacteria and using the bacterial machinery increase in number and multiply rapidly to kill host cells.

Plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Plasmid is most commonly found in bacteria as small circular, double stranded DNA molecule.

Plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. Plasmid is most commonly found in bacteria as small circular, double stranded DNA molecule.

Cloning is the production of an exact copy of an animal by means of asexual reproduction. Any two animals which contain exactly the same genes are called genetically identical.

An animal which is genetically identical to its parents is called clone.

The cloning of a large animal was successfully done for the first time by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Edinburg.

They cloned a sheep named Dolly from its parent sheep called Finn Dorest sheep.