Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 31

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Question 1
1 / -0

Restriction endonuclease, in DNA finger printing, carries out following process

A
Fragmentation of DNA

B
Getting copies of DNA

C
Loading DNA on agarose plate

D
Synthesis of DNA

Solution

A. Fragmentation of DNA
solution : Restriction endonuclease is used for cutting the DNA into fragments before loading them into agarose gel for electrophoresis before DNA fingerprinting.
So the correct answer is " Fragmentation of DNA"
Question 2
1 / -0

The whole cycle of gene amplification requires

A
15 minutes

B
30 minutes

C
3 hours

D
24 hours.

Solution

The denaturation stage of PCR takes about 1–2 minutes. The thermocycler then lowers the temperature to about 50° to 60°C, which allows the short, oligonucleotide primers to anneal to their complementary sequences on the single-stranded DNA molecules. The annealing stage of PCR lasts about 30 seconds. Hence, the whole cycle of gene amplification requires 30 minutes.
So, the correct answer is '30 minutes.'
Question 3
1 / -0

Which palindromic base sequence is cut at the middle by a restriction enzyme

A
$$\frac{5' - CGTTCG - 3'}{3'- CCAAGC - 5'}$$

B
$$\frac{5' - GAATTC - 3'}{3'- CTTAAG - 5'}$$

C
$$\frac{5' - CTACTG - 3'}{3'- GTGCAA - 5'}$$

D
$$\frac{3' - CGAATG - 5'}{5'- CGAATG - 3'}$$

Solution

A palindromic sequence is a sequence of DNA that is the exact same when read from 5' to 3' and from 3' to 5'. $$\frac{5' - GAATTC - 3'}{3'- CTTAAG - 5'}$$ In this DNA sequence the bases are same if the orientation kept same.
So the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
1 / -0

Elution means?

A
Separation of DNA fragments on agarose gel

B
Cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel

C
Making the DNA bands visible under UV radiation

D
Isolation of alien DNA from the choice organism

Solution

B. Cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel.
Solution : Cutting and extraction of DNA is done to separate the DNA from the gel in which it is collected. Water or a low salt buffer is added to break the cation bridge and dislodge the DNA from the gel and elute it.
So the correct answer is " B. Cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel."
Question 5
1 / -0

A bioreactor is a _______.

A
Fermentation tank

B
Culture containing radioactive isotopes

C
Culture for synthesis of new chemicals

D
Hybridoma

Solution

The bioreactor is a fermentation tank that allows microorganisms to ferment the media and undergo growth. Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells, or their enzymes.
So the correct answer is "Fermentation tank".
Question 6
1 / -0

Continuous addition of sugar in 'fed batch' fermentation is done to_______.

A
Purify enzymes

B
Degrade sewage

C
Produce methane

D
Degrade antibiotics

Solution

When the aim of large-scale fermentation is to obtain a certain enzyme then first we culture a particular microbe or cell up to a certain level and then we purify the enzyme from culture through the downstream process. So in this case concentration of enzyme one can purify is directly proportional to microbial growth. Fed-batch fermentation is very useful for bioprocesses when the desired product is positively correlated with microbial growth. This process is now also used in the production of antibiotics and recombinant proteins.
So the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

The technique in which foreign DNA is precipitated over surface of metal particles for passing into target cells is __________.

A
Microinjection

B
Electroporation

C
Particle gun

D
Chemical mediated gene transfer

Solution

The Particle bombardment device, also known as the gene gun, was developed to enable penetration of the cell wall so that genetic material containing a gene of interest can be transferred into the cell. The particle bombardment starts with coating tungsten or gold particles with plasmid DNA.
So, option C is the correct option.
Question 8
1 / -0

Advancement in genetic engineering has been possible due to discovery of

A
Oncogenes

B
Transposons

C
Restriction endonuclease

D
Exonucleases

Solution

A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. In the bacterial cell, restriction enzymes cleave foreign DNA, thus eliminating infecting organisms.
Without the discovery of Restriction endonuclease, the cutting of DNA would not have been possible. Hence, the advancement in genetic engineering not all, but a major part was due to restriction endonuclease.
So, option C is the correct option.
Question 9
1 / -0

Gene gun can introduce genes into cells with the help of

A
Plasmids

B
Cosmids

C
Microscopic pellets

D
Phagemids

Solution

In the gene gun method, microscopic pellets of gold or tungsten are coated with the transgene fragments and shot into the plant cells or tissues at high velocity.
So the correct option is C.
Question 10
1 / -0

Restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering because they

A
Can join DNA fragments

B
Cut DNA at specific base sequence

C
Cut DNA at variable sites

D
Are proteolytic enzymes which degrade harmful proteins

Solution

So the correct option is B.

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 31

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 31

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Fragmentation of DNA

Getting copies of DNA

Loading DNA on agarose plate

Synthesis of DNA

Solution

Question 2

15 minutes

30 minutes

3 hours

24 hours.

Solution

Question 3

$$\frac{5' - CGTTCG - 3'}{3'- CCAAGC - 5'}$$

$$\frac{5' - GAATTC - 3'}{3'- CTTAAG - 5'}$$

$$\frac{5' - CTACTG - 3'}{3'- GTGCAA - 5'}$$

$$\frac{3' - CGAATG - 5'}{5'- CGAATG - 3'}$$

Solution

Question 4

Separation of DNA fragments on agarose gel

Cutting and extraction of DNA bands from the agarose gel

Making the DNA bands visible under UV radiation

Isolation of alien DNA from the choice organism

Solution

Question 5

Fermentation tank

Culture containing radioactive isotopes

Culture for synthesis of new chemicals

Hybridoma

Solution

Question 6

Purify enzymes

Degrade sewage

Produce methane

Degrade antibiotics

Solution

Question 7

Microinjection

Electroporation

Particle gun

Chemical mediated gene transfer

Solution

Question 8

Oncogenes

Transposons

Restriction endonuclease

Exonucleases

Solution

Question 9

Plasmids

Cosmids

Microscopic pellets

Phagemids

Solution

Question 10

Can join DNA fragments

Cut DNA at specific base sequence

Cut DNA at variable sites

Are proteolytic enzymes which degrade harmful proteins

Solution

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