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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 37

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 37
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following restriction endonuclease was discovered first?
    Solution
    In 1970, Hamilton O. Smith, Thomas Kelly and Kent Wilcox isolated and characterized the first type II restriction enzyme, HindII, from the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae.
    So the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which cleaves DNA at specific sites producing sticky ends?
    Solution
    A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes.
    So, option D is the correct option.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Identify the desirable characteristics for a plasmid used in rDNA technology from the following
    a) Ability to multiply and express outside the host in a bioreactor
    b) A highly active promoter
    c) A site at which replication can be initiated
    d) One or more identifiable marker genes
    e) One or more unique restriction sites
    Solution
    • The plasmid is the small circular DNA. These are extrachromosomal DNA which can replicate individually. 
    • The plasmid is inserted with the desired gene and then introduced in the host cell. 
    • The characters which make plasmid suitable to be used in rDNA technology and genetic engineering techniques:
    • There should be an active promoter site and the origin of replication site called an Ori site. 
    •  This region will allow the plasmid to replicate in the host. There should be marker genes which can be used to identify the recombinants. 
    • To insert the desired gene, there should be the presence of restriction sites.
    So the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    During the process of isolation of DNA, chilled ethanol is added to
    Solution
    It is well known that Ethanol has a lower dielectric constant than water, making it promote ionic bond formations the $$Na^+$$ (from the salt) and the $$PO^{3-}$$ (from the DNA backbone), further, causing the DNA to precipitate.
    So the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    At which temperature a DNA molecule is denatured by heat in PCR
    Solution
    Denaturation: The reaction temperature is increased to 95 degree centigrade, which melts (disrupts the hydrogen bond between complementary bases) all dsDNA into single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).
    So, option B is the correct option.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    EcoRI cleaves DNA strands to produce
    Solution
    • Sticky ends are formed when the restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule at such a position that it leaves an overhanging stretch of the nitrogenous base which can pair with the complementary base pairs. 
    • EcoRI cut through the DNA strands at nucleotides that overhangs at the end. This overhanging nucleotide strand is called a sticky end because it can easily bond with complementary DNA fragments. 
    So, the correct option is sticky ends.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The first recombinant DNA was constructed by linking an antibiotic resistant gene with the native plasmid of
    Solution
    • Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer et al (1973) are credited for developing recombinant DNA technology. 
    • They constructed the first recombinant DNA using antibiotic resistance genes present on the plasmid of drug-resistant strains of E. coli. This gene was linked to the native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium. 

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Taq polymerase is isolated from which bacteria?
    Solution
    A heat-stable DNA polymerase called Taq, an enzyme isolated from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which inhabits hot springs.
    So the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Bioreactors are useful in
    Solution
    • Bioreactors are used at the industrial level where culture is required to perform at a large scale.
    • Small volume cultures cannot give large quantities of the products. For this purpose bioreactors with large volumes (100−1000 litres) of culture are to be used.
    • Hence bioreactors are like vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes or using microbial, plant, animal, or human cells.
    So the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Selective markers in plasmids are used to
    Solution
    Due to the presence of the selective marker, the plasmid becomes useful for the cell. Under the selective conditions, only cells that contain plasmids with the appropriate selectable marker can survive. Thus it helps in identifying the recombinants from non-recombinants.
    So the correct answer is option C.
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