Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 42

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which does not describe a function of the DNA polymerase molecule?

A
Recognise the free nucleotide that pairs with the base on the template strand of DNA

B
Read the strand of template DNA and recognise the base there

C
Proofread to ensure that the proper base has been incorporated

D
Make the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the template strand

Solution

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. The function of DNA polymerase is to replicate, proofread and repair DNA.DNA polymerases add nucleotide bases only when an RNA primer, a short piece of RNA, is already present.
So, the correct option is 'Make the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the template strand'.
Question 2
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What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering?

A
Cut DNA into many fragments

B
Carry DNA into a new cell

C
Link together newly joined fragments of DNA

D
Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA

Solution

Polymerase Chain Reaction is a method widely used to make many copies of a specific DNA segment. Using PCR, a single (or more) copy of a DNA sequence is exponentially amplified to generate thousands to millions of more copies of that particular DNA segment.
So, the correct option is 'Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA'.
Question 3
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DNA polymerase enzyme is isolated from which bacteria?

A
E.Coli

B
Thermus aquaticus

C
Bacillus thrunegenesis

D
Agrobacterium

Solution

For the PCR technique, DNA polymerase enzyme is isolated from the thermophylic bacteria Thermus aquaticus. Hence, it is called as Taq DNA polymerase. It is a specialized thermostable enzyme. The enzyme is produced and expressed in the E. coli bacteria. It is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique where high temperature is required for copying DNA.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
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In recombinant DNA technology a plasmid vector must be cleaved by

A
The same enzyme that cleaves the donor gene

B
Modified DNA ligase

C
A heated alkaline solution

D
Four separate enzymes

Solution

If both the plasmid vector and donor gene (DNA segment) are cut with the same restriction enzyme, it will result in sticky ends. This is because of the special property of restriction enzyme that cuts DNA by identifying a particular palindrome sequence. This sticky ends from vector plasmid and donor DNA are joined by DNA ligase later to form recombinant DNA.
So, the correct option is 'the same enzyme that cleaves the donor gene'.
Question 5
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What does R indicate in EcoRI?

A
Enzyme isolated from strain of bacteria

B
Genus of bacteria

C
Sequence of enzyme

D
Species of bacteria

Solution

EcoRI is a restriction endonuclease that is isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli.
In EcoRI, Eco represents the species of bacteria from which it is isolated i.e. Escherichia coli. R represents the strain of the bacteria which is RY-13 in this case. I represent that it was the first enzyme isolated from this strain.
So, the correct answer is A.
Question 6
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Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is incorrectly paired with its use?

A
Reverse transcriptase-production of.cDNA from mRNA

B
DNA polymerase-used in polymerase chain reaction to amplify section of DNA

C
DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments

D
Restriction enzyme-production of RFLPs

Solution

Restriction enzymes cut DNA creating sticky ends of restriction fragments. While DNA ligase joins these sticky ends to form recombinant DNA.
So, the correct option is 'DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Each restriction enzyme cleaves a molecule only at

A
methyl groups

B
the ends of genes

C
the time of DNA replication

D
a particular nucleotide sequence

Solution

A restriction enzyme is an enzyme that belongs to a larger group of an enzyme called nucleases and recognizes a specific nucleotide sequence and cuts the DNA only at a specific site which is known as the restriction site. There are two types of nucleases - exonucleases and endonuclease. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA, whereas endonuclease makes cuts at specific positions within the DNA.
So the correct option is 'a particular nucleotide sequence'.
Question 8
1 / -0

DNA fragments result when .......... cut DNA molecules at specific sites.

A
RELPs

B
DNA probes

C
restriction enzymes

D
DNA polymerase

Solution

(A) RFLP- Restriction fragment length polymorphism is a technique in which organism may be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from cleavage of their DNA. If two organism differs in the distance between sites of cleavage of a particular restriction endonuclease, the length of fragments produced will differ when DNA is digested with a restriction enzyme. This technique is utilized in genetic fingerprinting and paternity testing.
(B) DNA probes
DNA probes are used to identify and label DNA fragments that contain a specific sequence. A probe is simply a short length of DNA (20-100 nucleotide length) with a label attached.
(C) Restriction enzyme
A restriction enzyme is used in genetic engineering. It is an endonuclease that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and cleaves only at a specific site which is known as the restriction site.
(D) DNA polymerase
It is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides the building block of DNA.
So the correct option is 'restriction enzymes'.
Question 9
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Which of the following statements is untrue about restriction enzymes

A
They are made by bacteria and viruses

B
The first one was isolated in 1970, and thereafter hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified

C
They produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join together two different DNA strands

D
Each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence

Solution

Restriction enzymes cut DNA strands by identifying specific sequences of nucleotides. They are made by only bacteria, not viruses. In the bacterial cell, restriction enzymes cleave foreign DNA, thus eliminating infecting organisms.
So, the correct option is 'They are made by bacteria and viruses'.
Question 10
1 / -0

In an experiment, common Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and its mutant strain 'HR' were used to prepare hybrid particles with 'HR' nucleic acid and 'TMV' protein coat. These hybrids were mixed with antibodies against 'HR' strains. If this mixture is applied to plant materials, it will result in

A
Loss of infectivity of virus particles due to inactivation of nucleic acid

B
Loss of infectivity due to inactivation of protein coat

C
Intact infectivity because only coat is neutralised

D
Unchanged infectivity because neither nucleic add nor protein coat is neutralised

Solution

In the given experiment, TMV and its mutant strain 'HR' were used to prepare hybrid viral particles having Nucleic acid - HR strain and Protein coat - TMV.
We know, when a viral particle infects any host, it transmits its genetic information i.e., nucleic acid into the host. If the mixture of hybrid viral particles and antibodies against HR strains, the antibodies against HR strain will neutralise the HR strain nucleic acid and this will result in the loss of infectivity of virus particles due to the inactivation of the nucleic acid.
So, the correct answer is option D.

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 42

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 42

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Question 1

Recognise the free nucleotide that pairs with the base on the template strand of DNA

Read the strand of template DNA and recognise the base there

Proofread to ensure that the proper base has been incorporated

Make the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the template strand

Solution

Question 2

Cut DNA into many fragments

Carry DNA into a new cell

Link together newly joined fragments of DNA

Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA

Solution

Question 3

E.Coli

Thermus aquaticus

Bacillus thrunegenesis

Agrobacterium

Solution

Question 4

The same enzyme that cleaves the donor gene

Modified DNA ligase

A heated alkaline solution

Four separate enzymes

Solution

Question 5

Enzyme isolated from strain of bacteria

Genus of bacteria

Sequence of enzyme

Species of bacteria

Solution

Question 6

Reverse transcriptase-production of.cDNA from mRNA

DNA polymerase-used in polymerase chain reaction to amplify section of DNA

DNA ligase-enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of restriction fragments

Restriction enzyme-production of RFLPs

Solution

Question 7

methyl groups

the ends of genes

the time of DNA replication

a particular nucleotide sequence

Solution

Question 8

RELPs

DNA probes

restriction enzymes

DNA polymerase

Solution

Question 9

They are made by bacteria and viruses

The first one was isolated in 1970, and thereafter hundreds of different ones have been isolated and purified

They produce single-stranded complementary ends that can join together two different DNA strands

Each enzyme cuts DNA at a different specific base sequence

Solution

Question 10

Loss of infectivity of virus particles due to inactivation of nucleic acid

Loss of infectivity due to inactivation of protein coat

Intact infectivity because only coat is neutralised

Unchanged infectivity because neither nucleic add nor protein coat is neutralised

Solution

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