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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 47

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 47
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    For transformation, micro-particles coated with DNA to be bombarded from gene gun are made up of
    Solution
    The gene gun technique, also known as biolistic particle delivery, biolistics, or particle bombardment, was developed in the early 1980s. This technique has revolutionized the science of genetic engineering, which involves manipulating an organism's genes. Gene gun technology involves delivering DNA or RNA coated on microscopic gold or titanium particles (bullets) into living tissues. The high-velocity acceleration of particles using the gene gun may be provided by compressed gas, centripetal force (external force to move a body along a curved path), electric discharge, or firing explosives. Acceleration provides the necessary force to puncture the cell membrane and deliver the materials into the cells of living tissues.
    So the correct option is 'gold or tungsten'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The proper definition of biotechnology is
    Solution
    Biotechnology is the broad area of biology involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2). Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. The term is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. 
    So the correct option is 'use of living organisms and of substances obtained from them in industry'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    A doctor while operating on an HIV(+)ve patient accidentally cuts himself with a scalpel. Suspecting himself to have contracted the virus which test will he take to rule out/confirm his suspicion?
    Solution
    Very low count of bacteria or viruses (when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by multiplication of their nucleic acid by PCR, (PCR can detect very low amounts of DNA). PCR is usually used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Select proper option showing name and aim of the given figure.

    Solution
    The given figure is of bioreactor. It is an apparatus that provides the optimal conditions for a biological reaction to be carried out on large scale. Under optimum conditions, it can be used for the large scale production of desired protein. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Bioreactor, Provides the optimal conditions for large scale production of desired protein.'

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which is the correct option for the labelled part (a), (b) and (c) in given figure?

    Solution
    The given diagram represent the synthesis of insulin molecule by the process of recombinant DNA technology. In this, the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid (a). The plasmid is then transferred into E. coli. The desired gene is expressed and A and B chain (b) are produced. Once, the chains are synthesized, A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds (c).
    Thus, the correct answer is 'a = Plasmid; b = B chain; c = Disulfide bond.'
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The term 'molecular scissors' generally refers to
    Solution
    Restriction endonucleases cut DNA segments at specific sites of 4 or 6 base pair length, called the restriction sites and are therefore known as the molecular scissors. DNA polymerase helps in the synthesis of DNA and RNA polymerase catalyses the synthesis of RNA. DNA ligases on the other hand help in joining DNA fragments by helping in the formation of phosphodiester bonds between them. So, the correct option is 'restriction endonucleases'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In the $$PCR$$ technology the $$DNA$$ segment is replicated over a billion times. This repeated replication is catalyzed by the enzyme.
    Solution
    Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Chien et al. in 1976. Its name is often abbreviated to Taq Pol or simply Taq. It is frequently used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method for greatly amplifying the quantity of short segments of DNA.

    T. aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, and Taq polymerase was identified as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR. Therefore, it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR. Taq's optimum temperature for activity is 75–80 °C, with a half-life of greater than 2 hours at 92.5 °C, 40 minutes at 95 °C and 9 minutes at 97.5 °C, and can replicate a 1000 base pair strand of DNA in less than 10 seconds at 72 °C.

    So the correct option is 'Taq polymerase'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The usual source of restriction endonucleases used in gene cloning is 
    Solution
    Bacterial species are the major source of commercial restriction enzymes. These enzymes serve to defend the bacterial cells from invasion by foreign DNA, such as nucleic acid sequences used by viruses to replicate themselves inside a host cell. Basically, the enzyme will chop DNA into much smaller pieces which pose little danger to the cell. The enzymes are named for the species and strain of bacteria that produces it. For instance, the first restriction enzyme extracted from Escherichia coli strain RY13 is called EcoRI, and the fifth enzyme extracted from the same species is called EcoRV.

    So the correct option is 'Bacteria'. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In a genetic engineering experiment, restriciton enzymes can be used for
    Solution
    Restriction enzymes, also called restriction endonucleases, bind to DNA and cleave the double strand, forming smaller pieces of DNA. There are three types of restriction enzymes; Type I restriction enzymes recognize a DNA sequence and cut the strand randomly more than one thousand base pairs away from the site. Type II restriction enzymes, the most useful for molecular biology laboratories, recognize and cut the DNA strand predictably at a specific sequence which is usually less than ten base pairs long. Type III restriction enzymes are similar to Type I, but these cut the DNA about thirty base pairs from the recognition sequence.

    So the correct option is 'any DNA fragment'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    $$DNA$$ polymerase can be obtained from
    Solution
    Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was originally isolated by Chien et al. in 1976. Its name is often abbreviated to Taq Pol or simply Taq.

    So the correct option is 'Thermus aquaticus'.
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