Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 49

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A chimeric DNA is formed by

A
Deleting selectable markers

B
Joining c-DNA with plasmid

C
EcoRl

D
Enzyme $$\beta$$-galactosidase

Solution

Chimaeric DNA basically means DNA which is formed by DNA fragments from different organisms. It is also called recombinant DNA. The process of making recombinant DNA or chimaeric DNA is called recombinant DNA technology.
The steps in making chimaeric DNA involve isolating DNA, digestion of DNA with restriction enzymes, joining of DNA fragments, inserting the DNA into host cells and finally screening and selection of the transformed cells.
Since, a plasmid is a self replicating small circular DNA molecule, it is used as a vector for cloning DNA. The plasmid is ligated with a DNA fragment after digestion with restriction endonucleases and transformed into host cells.
Hence, a chimaeric DNA is formed by joining c-DNA or complementary DNA with plasmid.
So, the correct answer is 'Joining c-DNA with plasmid'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is not necessary to execute polymerase chain reaction successfully?

A
All four DNA bases

B
Short DNA base pairs

C
DNA polymerase

D
DNA library

Solution

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is widely used the method in genetic engineering to prepare the multiple copies of desired DNA. It includes steps of denaturation, annealing extension and last amplification. As DNA is the polymer of four DNA bases present in the base pair and polymerase chain reaction is done in the presence of DNA polymerase enzyme of the DNA that re-studies by the researchers which is said to be DNA library so it is not required in the reaction.
So the correct option is 'DNA library'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Out of the following, which is not related to biotechnology?

A
Synthesis of a gene

B
Correction of a gene

C
Alternation of gene

D
Transfer of a gene from parent to off spring

Solution

Biotechnology deals with the techniques of using live microorganisms, plant or animal cells or their components or enzymes from organisms to produce products and processes useful to human beings. It includes DNA manipulation, gene manipulation, recombinant DNA technology, and Genetic Engineering. Synthesis of genes, correction of genes, alteration of genes are included in Genetic Engineering.
Transfer of gene from parent to offspring is a normal way of heredity. All offsprings inherit some characters from their parents as a result of fertilization.
Thus the correct option is 'Transfer of a gene from parent to off spring'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following is not a method of introducing alien DNA into host cells?

A
Micro injection

B
Electroporation

C
Being placed along with the cell into a gene gun

D
Gel electrophoresis

Solution

A. Microinjection is a technique in which DNA is directly injected into the host cells with the help of microinjection.
B. Electroporation is a technique in which pores are created in the cell membrane and thus, permeability is increased. As a result, foreign DNA can easily enter the cells.
C. Gene gun is a method to introduce alien DNA into host cells through microprojectile particles. The DNA coated gold or tungsten particles are bombarded with the host cells and alien DNA enters the cells.
D. Gel electrophoresis is a technique of separating DNA fragments on the basis of their size.
Hence, option D is not a method of introducing alien DNA into host cells.
So, the correct answer 'Gel electrophoresis'.
Question 5
1 / -0

A DNA sequencing reaction was performed with the fragment $$5-XXXGCGATCGYYYY-3'$$ as the template, dideoxy GTP, all the four $$dNTPs$$, and the required primers and enzyme. $$XXXX$$ and $$YYYY$$ in the given DNA fragment represent primer binding sites. The set of fragments obtained during the reaction will be (the primers are not shown in the amplified fragments).

A
$$5'-CGATCGC-3'$$ only

B
$$5'-CG-3', 5'-CGCTAG-3', 5'-CCCTAGC-3'$$

C
$$5'-CG-3', 5'-CGATCG-3', 5'-CGATCGC-3'$$

D
$$5'-G-3', 5'-GCG-3', 5'-GCGATCG-3'$$

Solution

A DNA sequencing reaction was performed with the fragment 5−XXXGCGATCGYYYY−3′ as the template, dideoxy GTP, all the four dNTPs, and the required primers and enzyme. XXXX and YYYY in the given DNA fragment represent primer binding sites. The set of fragments obtained during the reaction will be CGATCGC, because if primer is attache to the XXXX binding site it polymerization starts and its complimentary fragment is CGATCGC.
Question 6
1 / -0

All the following statements about Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer are correct but one is wrong. Which one is wrong?

A
They discovered recombinant DNA ( rDNA) technology which marked the birth of modern biotechnology.

B
They first produced a healthy sheep clone, a Finn Dorset lamb, Dolly, from the differentiated adult mammary cells.

C
They invented genetic engineering by combining a piece of foreign DNA containing a gene from a bacterium with a bacterial (E. coli) plasmid using the enzyme restriction endonuclease.

D
They isolated the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance.
Solution
- The recombinant DNA technology by which DNA fragments from different organisms are joined together to produce new genetic combinations was discovered by Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer.
- They used restriction endonucleases to digest a plasmid from E. coli and a foreign DNA segment and ligated them to produce a recombinant DNA.
- They discovered antibiotic resistance gene from a piece of DNA that was conferring resistance to the transformed cells to grow in presence of that antibiotic.
- Dolly, a Finn Dorset lamb, was produced by gene cloning by Ian Wilmut and his co-workers.
- Hence Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer are not associated with the discovery of Finn Dorset lamb Dolly.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following are molecular markers?

A
RAPDs

B
RELPs

C
SSR

D
All of these

Solution

A molecular marker is a DNA sequence in the genome which can be located and identified. As a result of genetic alterations, the base composition at a particular location of the genome may be different in different plants.
Classic examples of molecular markers are 1. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) 2. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) 3. Amplified Fragments Length Polymorphism (AFLP) 4. Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR).
SSRs are co-dominant molecular markers that distinguish homozygotic and heterozygotic individuals and also possess a large number of alleles.
So the answer is 'All of these'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Immobilised enzymes are generally used for bioreactors in:

A
Batch process

B
Digestive process

C
Activation process

D
Continouus proces

Solution

Immobilized enzymes are generally used for bioreactors in batch process where the enzymes and the substrate are content until the conversion is over.
In other processes, substrate is added continuously and the product is removed simultaneously and hence generally immobilized enzymes are not used.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Batch process.'
Question 9
1 / -0

The basic procedure involved in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is depicted. The mistake in the procedure is?

A
Enzyme polymerase is not included

B
Mammalian DNA is used

C
Two different restriction enzymes are used

D
The cut ends of vector and chromosomal DNA have staggering ends
Question 10
1 / -0

Polymerisation of DNA is in

A
$$3' \rightarrow 5'$$ direction

B
$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction

C
Both $$3' \rightarrow 5'$$ and $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction

D
None of the above

Solution

DNA polymerase has 5' $$\rightarrow$$ 3' activity. All known DNA replication systems require a free 3' hydroxyl group before synthesis can be initiated (note: the DNA temple is read in 3' to 5' direction whereas a new strand is synthesized in 5' to 3' direction).
So, the correct answer is "5' $$\rightarrow$$ 3' ".

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 49

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 49

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Deleting selectable markers

Joining c-DNA with plasmid

EcoRl

Enzyme $$\beta$$-galactosidase

Solution

Question 2

All four DNA bases

Short DNA base pairs

DNA polymerase

DNA library

Solution

Question 3

Synthesis of a gene

Correction of a gene

Alternation of gene

Transfer of a gene from parent to off spring

Solution

Question 4

Micro injection

Electroporation

Being placed along with the cell into a gene gun

Gel electrophoresis

Solution

Question 5

$$5'-CGATCGC-3'$$ only

$$5'-CG-3', 5'-CGCTAG-3', 5'-CCCTAGC-3'$$

$$5'-CG-3', 5'-CGATCG-3', 5'-CGATCGC-3'$$

$$5'-G-3', 5'-GCG-3', 5'-GCGATCG-3'$$

Solution

Question 6

They discovered recombinant DNA ( rDNA) technology which marked the birth of modern biotechnology.

They first produced a healthy sheep clone, a Finn Dorset lamb, Dolly, from the differentiated adult mammary cells.

They invented genetic engineering by combining a piece of foreign DNA containing a gene from a bacterium with a bacterial (E. coli) plasmid using the enzyme restriction endonuclease.

They isolated the antibiotic resistance gene by cutting out a piece of DNA from a plasmid which was responsible for conferring antibiotic resistance.

Solution

Question 7

RAPDs

RELPs

SSR

All of these

Solution

Question 8

Batch process

Digestive process

Activation process

Continouus proces

Solution

Question 9

Enzyme polymerase is not included

Mammalian DNA is used

Two different restriction enzymes are used

The cut ends of vector and chromosomal DNA have staggering ends

Question 10

$$3' \rightarrow 5'$$ direction

$$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction

Both $$3' \rightarrow 5'$$ and $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction

None of the above

Solution

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