Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 53

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Identify the palindromic sequence in the following base sequences :

A

B

C

D

Solution

The palindrome in DNA is a sequence of base pairs that reads same on the two strands when orientations of reading is kept the same
So, the correct answer is 'option B'
Question 2
1 / -0

Which among the following is true for protein synthesis in bacteria?

A
It involves all the three types of RNAs (m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA)

B
It involves $$3$$ types of RNA polymerase

C
It involves single type of RNA polymerase

D
It involves RNA processing

Solution

The bacterial RNA polymerase is only one which participates in each and every step of the bacterial transcription. So the correct option is C.
Question 3
1 / -0

The technique of bombarding plant cells with high velocity micro particles of gold or tungsten, coated with DNA, is

A
Microinjection

B
Biolistic method

C
Heat shock method

D
By disarmed pathogen vector

Solution

Biolistic or gene gun method is used for bombarding gold or tungsten coated with DNA into a plant cell
So, the correct answer is 'Biolistic or gene gun method'
Question 4
1 / -0

Choose the bacterium which is not a source of REN.

A
Haemophilus influenzae

B
Escherichia coli

C
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

D
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Solution

No REN is extracted from Agrobacterium tumefaciens
So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following are all Nucleotides?

A
Adenosine, Cytidylic acid, Cytosine

B
Adenylic acid, Cytidylic acid, Guanylic acid

C
Cytidine, Adenine, Adenylic acid

D
Uracil, Thymidine, Thymidylic acid
Solution
- Nucleotides are compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. For example, Adenylic acid, Guanylic acid, Thymidylic acid, and Cytidilic acid and 5'uridylic acid.
- Hence Adenylic acid, Cytidilic acid, Guanylic acid are all Nucleotides.
- So, the correct answer is 'Adenylic acid, Cytidilic acid, Guanylic acid'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which cannot be used for direct gene transfer

A
Biolistics (gene gun)

B
Microinjection

C
Electroporation

D
Agrobacterium tumefacians
Solution
- Biolistics (gene gun), Microinjection and Electroporation are direct methods of gene transfer.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium, which can cause crown gall tumors at wound sites of infected dicotyledonous plants.
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens acts as a vector for the transfer of genetic material hence it cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
- Hence Agrobacterium tumefaciens cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
- So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.
Question 7
1 / -0

'Restriction' in Restriction enzyme refers to:

A
Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme

B
Cutting of DNA at specific position only

C
Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria

D
All of the above

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option:(C)}$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ A bacterium uses its restriction enzymes to fight against viruses called bacteriophages. As the bacteriophage injects its DNA into bacteria, restriction endonuclease act on the DNA and degrade it by breaking the phosphodiester bonds. (note : restriction endonucleases are enzymes present inside the bacteria)

$$\bullet$$ Thus the restriction enzymes prevents the replication of the phage DNA by cutting it into many pieces.

$$\bullet$$ The term "restriction" refers to the function of these enzymes (restriction endonuclease) in restricting the propogation of foreign DNA of bacteriophages in the host bacterium. In simple terms viral life cycle is stopped. This phenomenon is also known "host controlled restriction of bacteriophages".
Question 8
1 / -0

A probe which is a molecule used to locate specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA molecules could be:

A
A single stranded RNA.

B
A single stranded DNA.

C
Either ssDNA or ssRNA

D
Can be ss DNA but not ss RNA.

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option:(c)}$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ A molecular probe that is used to locate specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA molecules can be either ssDNA or ssRNA.

$$\bullet$$ A probe is made using radioactive 32p. It means that nucleotides used in making a probe have radioactive phosphate incorporated in them.

$$\bullet$$ A probe is then allowed to hybridise to its complimentary DNA or mRNA in the cells. As a probe binds, it emits radioactivity that can be detected using autoradiography.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?

A
It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence

B
It is an endonuclease

C
It is isolated from viruses

D
It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option:}$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ Restriction enzymes are obtained only from the prokaryotes (bacteria) and not from viruses.

$$\bullet$$ It is their (bacteria's) natural defense mechanism against bacteriophage.

$$\textbf{Explanation for incorrect options:}$$

$$\bullet$$ Each restriction enzyme recognizes a specific palindromic nucleotide sequence in DNA.

$$\bullet$$ A palindrome in DNA is a sequence of base pairs that reads the same on the two strands when the orientation of reading is kept the same.

$$\bullet$$ It is an endonuclease because it cleaves the phosphodiester bonds present within (in between) a polynucleotide chain.

$$\bullet$$ It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules. For example EcoRI generates same kind of sticky ends which ever DNA molecules it cuts (These different DNA molecules must have EcoRI recognition sequence).
Question 10
1 / -0

The role of DNA ligase in the construction of a recombinant DNA molecule is:

A
Formation of phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments

B
Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments

C
Ligation of all purine and pyrimidine bases

D
None of the above

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option:(A)}$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ The vector DNA ( e.g., plasmid DNA) and the foreign DNA carrying "gene of interest" are both cut by the same restriction endonucleases to produce complementary sticky ends.

$$\bullet$$ With the help of DNA ligase enzyme, the complementary sticky ends of the two DNA's are joined to produce a recombinant DNA or chimeric DNA

$$\bullet$$ The DNA ligase forms new phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides and covalently links two individual fragments of double-stranded DNA by utilizing energy from the cell.

$$\bullet$$ The enzyme used most often in rDNA technology is $${T_4}$$ DNA ligase, which is encoded by phage $${T_4}$$.

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 53

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 53

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Question 1

Solution

Question 2

It involves all the three types of RNAs (m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA)

It involves $$3$$ types of RNA polymerase

It involves single type of RNA polymerase

It involves RNA processing

Solution

Question 3

Microinjection

Biolistic method

Heat shock method

By disarmed pathogen vector

Solution

Question 4

Haemophilus influenzae

Escherichia coli

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Solution

Question 5

Adenosine, Cytidylic acid, Cytosine

Adenylic acid, Cytidylic acid, Guanylic acid

Cytidine, Adenine, Adenylic acid

Uracil, Thymidine, Thymidylic acid

Solution

Question 6

Biolistics (gene gun)

Microinjection

Electroporation

Agrobacterium tumefacians

Solution

Question 7

Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme

Cutting of DNA at specific position only

Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

A single stranded RNA.

A single stranded DNA.

Either ssDNA or ssRNA

Can be ss DNA but not ss RNA.

Solution

Question 9

It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence

It is an endonuclease

It is isolated from viruses

It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules

Solution

Question 10

Formation of phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments

Formation of hydrogen bonds between sticky ends of DNA fragments

Ligation of all purine and pyrimidine bases

None of the above

Solution

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