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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 56

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 56
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The main technique involved in agricultural biotechnology is called as 
    Solution
    Tissue culture is a process of production of plants with desired quality in in-vitro condition. In this process, plant tissue (explant) is inoculated into the specific nutrient media with hormones, and light under the sterile condition to avoid contamination. The tissue culture is the latest method for crop improvement. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The drug streptomycin inhibits the process of
    Solution
    When purifying protein from a biological extract, streptomycin sulfate is sometimes added as a means of removing nucleic acids. Since it binds to ribosomes and precipitates out of solution, it serves as a method for removing rRNA, mRNA, and even DNA if the extract is from a prokaryote
    So, the correct answer is 'Prokaryotic translation'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following can help in the diagnosis of genetical basis of a disorder?
    Solution
    • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA to produce multiple copies of the same sequence. PCR can be used as a diagnostic tool, where a sample of DNA is analyzed for the presence of genetic disease due to mutations.
    • ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is used to detect viral infectious disorder based on antibody-antigen interactions.
    • ABO blood grouping is used to determine the blood group of an individual.
    • NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) is used to obtain complete information about the structure, reaction state, and chemical conditions of molecules.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'PCR'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In which of the following combinations, the compounds in ascending order based on their molecular weights are arranged?
    Solution
    • Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide that consists of three main structures: the nitrogenous base i.e. adenine, the ribose sugar, and a  phosphate group bound to ribose.
    • In ADP there are two phosphate while in ATP there are three phosphate groups attached to ribose. Thus, the molecular weight of ATP is more than ADP which in turn have higher molecular weight than AMP.
    • RNA is a linear polymer of nucleotides (ATP, CTP, UTP, and GTP) linked by a ribose-phosphate backbone. That means molecular weight of RNA is higher than ATP depending upon the number of nucleotides in RNA chain.
    • DNA is also a polymer of nucleotides but DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded. This makes molecular weight of DNA higher than that of RNA.
    • The arrangement of compounds in ascending order according to their molecular weight is AMP, ADP, ATP, RNA, DNA.

    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Many copies of a DNA molecule in test tube are produced by
    Solution
    PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a method to amplify the single copy of DNA into the thousand copies. In this method, DNA polymerase synthesizes new strand of DNA complementary to the offered template strand. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of these is used as vector in gene therapy for SCID?
    Solution
    • In gene therapy trials, the retrovirus is used as a vector to treat X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) represent the most successful application of gene therapy. 
    • The gene codes for enzyme ADA is introduced into the vector (retrovirus). The lymphocyte cells of the patient are extracted and cultured and infected by the vector. 
    • The vector makes DNA copies of its RNA which is then inserted into the chromosome of the host cell (lymphocytes). Then these cells are injected into the patient's bone marrow. Thus, the lymphocytes produced by these bone marrow stem cells have a fully functional ADA gene.
    So, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    5'-GAATTC-3' is the recognition site, for which of the following restriction endonuclease?
    Solution
    • EcoRI is the restriction enzyme, derived from Escherichia coli, strain R and is the first to be isolated. 
    • EcoRI recognizes and cuts at the specific restriction site 5'-GAATTC-3' and produces sticky ends. 
    • This is the common enzyme that is used as a tool for the restriction of the bacterial plasmid and desired genes in molecular biology techniques. 

    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    To confirm ELISA for AIDS which technique was used?
    Solution
    The Western blot is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
    HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    AIDS- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The science of biotechnology has contributed to field of
    Solution
    Biotechnology is the branch of science which deals with the application of biological techniques for human welfare. It involves the modification of genes by the enzymatic action which leads to the production of some biological entity like antibodies, vaccines etc which benefits the mankind by improving health. The vaccines, antibodies, hormones, etc are the pharmaceutical products which help to prevent the transmission of diseases. The plants and the organisms can be genetically modified. The modified plants are resistant to the pests and diseases. The modified organisms can be useful in the production of useful products in the industry.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    A piece of nucleic acid used to find a gene by forming a hybrid with it, is called as
    Solution
    Nucleic acid hybridization is a fundamental tool in molecular genetics which takes advantage of the ability of individual single-stranded nucleic acid molecules to form double-stranded molecules (to hybridize to each other). Standard nucleic acid hybridization assays involve using a labelled nucleic acid probe to identify related DNA or RNA molecules (ones with a significantly high degree of sequence similarity) within a complex mixture of unlabelled nucleic acid molecules, the target nucleic acid.
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