Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 63

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The new strain of bacteria produced by biotechnology in bioremediation is

A
Escherichia coli

B
Saccharomyces cerevisiae

C
Bacillus subtilis

D
Pseudomonas putida

Solution

Dr. Anand Mohan Chakrabarty (an Indian borne american scientist) produced a new product of genetic engineering called as superbing by introducing plasmids from different strains into a single cell of Pseudomonas putida.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which one of the following scientists got the Nobel Prize for his invention polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A
F. Sanger

B
Paul Berg

C
Alec Jeffreys

D
Kary B. Mullis

Solution

Kary Mullis Ph.D. is a biochemist who got the 1993 Nobel prize for his invention of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a technique used in AIDS tests.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
1 / -0

The process of making temporary/transitory opening in the cell membrane to introduce foreign DNA is ____

A
Electroporation

B
Microinjection

C
Particle gun

D
Chemical mediated genetic transformation

Solution

Electroporation is a molecular biology technique in which an electrical field is created to create pores in the cell wall of the host cells. This results in the increase in the permeability of the cells and they allow the entry of the chemicals, drugs, or DNA molecules into the cell. This technique can be used to introduce new genes and modify the genome of the bacteria, yeast and plant cells.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
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The goal of the polymerase chain reaction is to

A
Speed up protein synthesis for the production new drugs.

B
Create many copies of a DNA molecules which is initially very rare.

C
Create many copies of messenger RNA molecules.

D
Investigate the properties of organisms which normally grow at very high temperatures.

E
Create DNA probes.

Solution

Polymerase chain reaction is a technique for amplifying DNA sequences in vitro by separating the DNA into two strands and incubating it with oligonucleotide primers and DNA polymerase. It can amplify a specific sequence of DNA as many as one billion times and is important in biotechnology, forensics, medicine and genetic research.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases were used by Cohen and Boyer's DNA experiments for

A
Isolation of cloned bacterial plasmids

B
Cleaving the bacterial plasmid

C
Isolation of human insulin

D
Both A and B

Solution

Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer used techniques to cut and paste DNA to create the first modified organism containing recombinant DNA. They inserted the rDNA molecule into E. coli cells through a plasmid by inducing uptake and expression of the foreign DNA known as transformation. Restriction enzymes can recognise specific DNA base pairs and cleave at a specific site. Restriction enzymes are used to cleave the bacterial plasmid and the desired DNA segment. These enzymes can be used in the isolation and cleaving of the plasmids which are used as the vectors.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

The term biotechnology was first used in

A
United States

B
Germany

C
France

D
Hungary

Solution

Karl Ereky coined the word biotechnology in Hungary. This discovery and the naming was done in the year 1917. The term biotechnology is the branch of science which deals with the application of biological techniques for human welfare. It involves the modification of genes by the enzymatic action which leads to the production of some biological entity like antibodies, vaccines etc which benefits the mankind.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

An enzyme that cleaves DNA recognizes an 8 base-pair unique DNA sequence. The probable number of times this enzyme will cleave a 70 kilobase pair random DNA sequence is

A
1

B
2

C
3

D
4

Solution

According to the question, the restriction sequence for the enzyme is a 8 base pair long sequence. If suppose, an arbitrary DNA sequence of 8 base pair as XXXXXXXX, where “X” can be any of four nucleotides (A/T/G/C); there are 4 possibilities for one “X” and the total sequence is 8 base pairs. For all 8 bases; the probability of having the given sequence is (4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 65,536 base pairs) which means that the given restriction site occur every 65,536 base pairs. For a DNA segment of 70 kb; the possibility of having the given sequence = 70000/65,536 = around 1. The correct answer is A.
Question 8
1 / -0

Polymerase chain reaction involves use of a DNA polymerase enzyme which is a

A
Terminal transferase

B
Thermolabile

C
Thermostable

D
Modular enzyme

Solution

Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase which is used in the polymerase chain reaction. It was named after the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus from which it was isolated by Thomas D. Brock in 1965. The polymerase chain reaction is carried out at three different temperatures and so, the enzyme which is used should be stable at varying and high temperatures. The Taq polymerase enzyme is stable at the different range of temperatures.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

The restriction endonuclease EcoRI recognises and cleaves DNA sequence as shown below :
5' - GAATTC - 3'
3' - CTTAAG - 5'
What is the probable number of cleavage sites that can occur in a 10 kb long random DNA sequence?

A
10

B
2

C
100

D
50

Solution

According to the question, the restriction sequence for the enzyme is 5’GAATTC3’ which is a 6 base pair long sequence. If suppose, an arbitrary DNA sequence of 6 base pair as XXXXXX where “X” can be any of four nucleotides (A/T/G/C). There are 4 possibilities for one “X” and the total sequence is 6 base pairs; for all 6 bases; the probability of having the given sequence is (4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4= 4096 base pairs) which means that the given restriction site occur every 4096 base pairs. For a DNA segment of 10 kb; the possibility of having the given sequence = 10000/4096= 2.45, i.e., 2. The correct answer is B.
Question 10
1 / -0

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was discovered by

A
Kary Mullis

B
Rosalind Franklin

C
Craig Venter

D
Maxam and Gilbert

Solution

PCR is a revolutionary method developed by Kary Mullis in the 1980s. It is used for the amplification of DNA. It is based on using the ability of DNA polymerase to synthesise new strand of DNA complementary to the offered template strand.
So, the correct answer is option A.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 63

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 63

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Escherichia coli

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Bacillus subtilis

Pseudomonas putida

Solution

Question 2

F. Sanger

Paul Berg

Alec Jeffreys

Kary B. Mullis

Solution

Question 3

Electroporation

Microinjection

Particle gun

Chemical mediated genetic transformation

Solution

Question 4

Speed up protein synthesis for the production new drugs.

Create many copies of a DNA molecules which is initially very rare.

Create many copies of messenger RNA molecules.

Investigate the properties of organisms which normally grow at very high temperatures.

Create DNA probes.

Solution

Question 5

Isolation of cloned bacterial plasmids

Cleaving the bacterial plasmid

Isolation of human insulin

Both A and B

Solution

Question 6

United States

Germany

France

Hungary

Solution

Question 7

1

2

3

4

Solution

Question 8

Terminal transferase

Thermolabile

Thermostable

Modular enzyme

Solution

Question 9

10

2

100

50

Solution

Question 10

Kary Mullis

Rosalind Franklin

Craig Venter

Maxam and Gilbert

Solution

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