Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test

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Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 64

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering because they

A
Can degrade harmful proteins

B
Can join different DNA fragments

C
Can cut DNA at specific base sequence

D
Are nucleases that cut RNA at variable sites

Solution

The goal of genetic engineering is changing the genetic makeup of an organism. To achieve this goal, scientists must have a way of rearranging genes to create new combinations of DNA. Restriction enzymes are one tool that can be used to accomplish this goal. A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e., each strand) of the DNA double helix.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

From the below list, which of the following is the most logical sequence of steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a bacterium?
(i) Transformbacteria with recombinant DNA molecule.
(ii) Cut the plasmid DNA using restriction enzymes.
(iii) Extract plasmid DNA from bacterial cells.
(iv) Hydrogen-bond the plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA fragments.
(v) Use ligase to seal plasmid DNA to nonplasmid DNA.

A
(iv), (v), (i), (ii), (iii)

B
(iii), (ii), (iv), (v), (i)

C
(iii), (iv), (v), (i), (ii)

D
(ii), (iii), (v), (iv), (i)

Solution

1. A gene of interest ( DNA fragment) is isolated from cells that have been grown in laboratory culture.
2. Both the human DNA and the plasmid are treated with the same restriction enzyme to produce identical sticky ends.
3. The restriction enzyme cuts the plasmid DNA at its single recognition sequence, disrupting the antibiotic resistance gene.
4. The DNA fragment are mixed together and the complementary sticky ends are attached to each other by base pairing. The enzyme DNA- ligase is added to bond the sticky ends.
5. The recombinant plasmid or molecular clone, is introduced into a bacterial cell by adding the DNA to a bacterial culture. Under the right condition some bacteria will take up the plasmid from solution by the process transformation.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases are

A
Synthesized by bacteria

B
Present in cells for degradation of foreign DNA

C
Used in genetic engineering

D
All of the above
Solution
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
- Restriction endonuclease or restriction enzymes or molecular scissors are proteins produced by a bacterium that cleave the DNA at particular sites along the molecule.
- The restriction proteins in the enzyme of microorganism divide foreign DNA and therefore, destructs infecting entities. These enzymes can be isolated from cells of bacterium and used in labs to influence DNA fragments, namely those that comprehend genes. This is often why they are important tools of recombinant DNA technology.
Question 4
1 / -0

After 4 PCR cycles, how many DNA molecules are formed from one DNA template molecule?

A
4

B
32

C
16

D
8

Solution

From a single DNA template molecule, it is possible to generate 2$$^n$$ DNA molecules, after 'n' number of cycles in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
So, after 4 PCR cycles, 2$$^4$$ = 16 DNA molecules will be formed.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 5
1 / -0

Restriction endonucleases are utilised in genetic engineering techniques as

A
Molecular cement for combining DNA bits into long chains

B
Molecular scalpels for cutting DNA at specific sites

C
Molecular scalpels for cutting DNA break up

D
Molecular build up nucleotides in tandem

Solution

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes, isolated chiefly from prokaryotes, that recognize specific nucleotide sequences within double stranded DNA and cleaves it at these sites. These restriction endonucleases facilitate the specific fragmentation of double stranded DNA and are very useful for DNA sequence analysis. These enzymes can be classified into three groups. Type I and type III enzymes carry a modification (methylation) and an ATP requiring restriction (cleavage) activity within the same protein. Both types of enzymes identify unmethylated sequences in substrate DNA, but type 1 enzymes cleave randomly, whereas type III enzymes cut DNA at specific sites. Type II restriction enzyme consist of a separate restriction endonuclease and a modification methylase. Hence, restriction endonucleases are also known as molecular scalpels or scissors for cutting DNA.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

Who among the following discovered the enzyme restriction endonuclease?

A
Hamilton Othanel Smith

B
Sir Godfrey Hounsfield

C
F. Jacob

D
Andre Lwoff

Solution

Hamilton Othanel Smith was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978 for the discovery and use of ‘type II’ restriction enzymes that break DNA molecules into useful pieces for individual study. The prize was shared with his colleague Daniel Nathans at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Werner Arber of the University of Basel in Switzerland.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

In india, research in genetic modification of organisms and safety issues are controlled by

A
DBT

B
IARI

C
CSIR

D
GEAC

Solution

Genetically modified organisms are prepared by recombinant DNA technology. The food derived from GMO crops needs to be tested and approved before entering the commercial market. The testing and appraisal committee in India is GEAC. GEAC stands for Genetic Engineering Approval Committee. The committee has set certain rules and guidelines for the approval of GMO
So, the correct answer is 'GEAC'
Question 8
1 / -0

Biolistic technique is used in

A
Gene transfer process

B
Tissue culture process

C
Hybridisation process

D
Germplasm conservation process

Solution

Biolistics is a technique far introducing genetic material into living cells, especially plant cells in which DNA- coated microscopic particles are fired into the cell using a special gun.
Question 9
1 / -0

The thermostable enzymes, Taq and Pfu, isolated from thermophilic bacteria are

A
RNA polymerases

B
DNA ligases

C
DNA polymerases

D
Restriction endonucleases

Solution

'Taq’ and ‘Pfu’ are thermostable enzymes, which are isolated from thermophilic bacteria.
They are DNA polymerase in nature (polymerization), which are widely used in the polymerase chain reaction.
So, option C is correct.
Question 10
1 / -0

Biolistic technique is used in

A
Tissue culture process

B
Gene transfer process

C
Hybridization process

D
Germplasm conservation process

Solution

Biolistics is a technique for introducing genetic material into living cells, especially plant cells in which DNA-coated microscopic particles are fired into the cell using a special gun
So, the correct answer is 'Gene transfer process'

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 64

Result

Biotechnology Principles and Processes Test - 64

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Can degrade harmful proteins

Can join different DNA fragments

Can cut DNA at specific base sequence

Are nucleases that cut RNA at variable sites

Solution

Question 2

(iv), (v), (i), (ii), (iii)

(iii), (ii), (iv), (v), (i)

(iii), (iv), (v), (i), (ii)

(ii), (iii), (v), (iv), (i)

Solution

Question 3

Synthesized by bacteria

Present in cells for degradation of foreign DNA

Used in genetic engineering

All of the above

Solution

Question 4

4

32

16

8

Solution

Question 5

Molecular cement for combining DNA bits into long chains

Molecular scalpels for cutting DNA at specific sites

Molecular scalpels for cutting DNA break up

Molecular build up nucleotides in tandem

Solution

Question 6

Hamilton Othanel Smith

Sir Godfrey Hounsfield

F. Jacob

Andre Lwoff

Solution

Question 7

DBT

IARI

CSIR

GEAC

Solution

Question 8

Gene transfer process

Tissue culture process

Hybridisation process

Germplasm conservation process

Solution

Question 9

RNA polymerases

DNA ligases

DNA polymerases

Restriction endonucleases

Solution

Question 10

Tissue culture process

Gene transfer process

Hybridization process

Germplasm conservation process

Solution

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