Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Test - 58

The peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the family Fabaceae. Peanuts can be eaten raw, used in recipes, made into oils, textile materials and peanut butter as well as many other uses. In general, peanut products are considered safe for human use, although there are insufficient studies about peanut aflatoxins and uses for cosmetics. Peanut oil is often used in cooking, because it has a mild flavour and a relatively high smoke point. Due to its high monounsaturated content, it is considered healthier than saturated oils and is resistant to rancidity.
There are several types of peanut oil including aromatic roasted peanut oil, refined peanut oil, extra virgin or cold pressed peanut oil and peanut extract.
In the United States, refined peanut oil is exempt from allergen labelling laws. This oil is obtained from seeds of Arachis hypogea. Oryza sativa is rich in carbohydrates. Cicer arietinum is rich in proteins. Hibiscus esculentus (okra) seeds does not contains fats. 
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The mustard family (Brassicaceae) consists mainly of annual to perennial herbs with watery acrid juices. They bear alternate leaves which lack stipules. The stems are often hairy, with forked or star-shaped (stellate) hairs. The calyx consists of 4 separate sepals and the corolla of 4 petals that are often separable into a narrow claw at the base, expanded into a broader limb at the upper petal end. The androecium is composed of 6 stamens in a unique tetradidynamous arrangement in which there are 4 long stamens and 2 short ones. The gynoecium is syncarpous (of 2 united carpels) containing ovules that are borne along the ovary wall. (This is called parietal placentation.) The ovary is divided internally, but because the partition goes across the carpels instead of between them, its regarded as a false partition (called as a replum) and the fruit is such a strikingly modified capsule that it has a special name, the silique or a silicle if short and squat. Claw is absent in petals of Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Stamens attached to petals are epipetalous. The stamens in a flower are collectively called as the androecium. The androecium in various species of plants form a great variety of patterns, some of them highly complex. It surrounds the gynoecium and in turn the perianth, if there is one, surrounds the androecium. Epipetalous is a condition when stamens are fused with the corolla.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

 If the filaments of the stamens are fused in a single group the condition is known as monoadelphous. The stamens in a flower are collectively called as androecium. The androecium in various species of plants form a great variety of patterns, some of them highly complex. It surrounds the gynoecium and in turn the perianth, if there is one, surrounds the androecium. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

A berry fruit is fleshy and multiseeded. Berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single flower and containing one ovary. Grapes and bananas are two common examples. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp. They may have one or more carpels. The seeds are usually embedded in the fleshy interior of the ovary, but there are some non-fleshy exceptions, such as peppers, that have air rather than pulp around their seeds.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. Cotton is a seed hair fiber produced from epidermal seed coat. Cotton fibers are not obtained from root hairs, stem hairs or leaf. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Solution

Correct answer is option B.

Explanation for correct option

• In plants, pollen grains are male gametophytes.
• Pollen is produced within the anthers (microsporangia or pollen sacs) of the flower.
• Pollen grains develop from sporogenous tissue in angiosperms.

Coconuts are classified as a fibrous one-seeded drupe. A drupe is a fruit with a hard stony covering enclosing the seed (like a peach or olive) and comes from the word drupa meaning overripe olive. A coconut, and all drupes, have three layers, the exocarp (outer layer), the mesocarp (fleshy middle layer) and the endocarp (hard, woody layer that surrounds the seed).
Cypsela is an achene like fruit derived from the individual florets in a capitulum (e.g., Dandelion). Berry redcurrant, gooseberry, tomato, cranberry.
Cremocarp, is a dry fruit that is a type of schizocarp formed from two one-seeded carpels. The carpels remain separate and form indehiscent mericarps that are attached to a central supporting strand (carpophore) for some time before dispersal. It is characteristic of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae, carrot family). 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. The starch and saccharification enzymes are often derived from malted cereal grains, most commonly malted barley. A large part (about 25%) of the remainder is used for malting, for which barley is the best-suited grain. It is a key ingredient in beer and whisky production.
Two-row barley is traditionally used in German and English beers. Six-row barley was traditionally used in US beers, but both varieties are in common usage now. Distilled from green beer, whisky has been made primarily from barley in Ireland and Scotland, while other countries have used more diverse sources of alcohol, such as the more common corn, rye and wheat in the USA. In the US, a grain type may be identified on a whisky label if that type of grain constitutes 51% or more of the ingredients and certain other conditions are satisfied. So, beer is prepared from barley and not from sugarcane, grape and maize. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Cotton, seed-hair fibre (testa) of a variety of plants of the genus Gossypium, belonging to the Hibiscus or mallow, family (Malvaceae) and native to most subtropical parts of the world.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. So, fibres of Gosssypium are out growth of testa and not out growth of pericarp, pappus hair and bast fibres. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.