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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Test - 79

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Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Test - 79
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Polyembryony/ adventitive polyembryony occurs in
    Solution
    Polyembryony is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a single seed. In adventive polyembryony, there is the formation of extra embryos due to sporophytic budding. One or more sporophytic cells, either nucellus or integuments undergo stages of embryogeny and eventually develop into mature embryos. This kind of polyembryony is found in citrus fruits.
    So, the correct answer is B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Embryo of sunflower has
    Solution
    As the sunflower plant is a dicotyledonous, so the number of cotyledons in sunflower will be two.
    So, the correct option is 'Two cotyledons'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Nymphaea shows ____- type of polyembryony
    Solution
    Polyembryony refers to the presence of more than one embryos in a seed. It may be due to the presence of more than one egg cell in an embryo sac or more than one embryo sac in the ovule or all the egg cell may get fertilized. In Nymphaea, cleavage or splitting of embryo into two or more embryos occurs leading to the formation of multiple embryos. Such polyembryony is known as cleavage polyembryony. 
    Adventitive polyembryony occurs in Citrus, Mangifera and Opuntia in which diploid nucellar and integument cells proliferate to form embryos. 
    When the endosperm develops into an additional embryo, it is known as endosperm polyembryony. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Pollination in Lotus is carried out by
    Solution
    Lotus has bisexual flowers but anthers and stigma mature at different times so self pollination doesn't occur. Thus, Lotus is cross-pollinated by beetles. Beetles are attracted to the Lotus flower by the odour of the nectar. Beetle enter the flower at night and stays there for the whole night. The flower opens in the morning and beetle visits another flower at night. Thus, as the beetle visits different flowers, pollen from one flower are transferred to the stigma of different flowers because pollen get attached to the body of the beetles. Hence, this type of cross-pollination occurs in Lotus by means of insects i.e. beetles. So, the correct answer is C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Endosperm polyembryony is type of
    Solution
    The occurrence of multiple embryos in a seed is known as polyembryony. Polyembryony can be divided into two types:
    1. True polyembryony: In this type, more than one embryos are formed within a single embryo sac. The extra embryos may arise from the cleavage of egg or zygote, from the synergids or antipodal cells or from the endosperm as all of these lies inside the embryo sac. When the extra embryos develop from the tissues outside the embryo sac, such as nucellus it is called adventitive polyembryony. 
    2. False polyembryony: When two or more embryos develop from different embryo sacs, it is called false polyembryony. The extra embryos may develop from another megaspore derived from megaspore mother cell or from a different megaspore mother cell.
    Polyembryony can be gametophytic and sporophytic also. When the extra embryos arise from gametophytic cells of the ovule, it is called gametophytic polyembryony and when they are derived from zygote or proembryo or from initial sporophytic cells of the embryo, it is called sporophytic polyembryony.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which one is a gametophytic polyembryony?
    Solution
    Polyembryony refers to the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed. It is distinguished into two types: gametophytic polyembryony and sporophytic polyembryony. In gametophytic polyembryony, the embryos arise from the gametic cell of embryo sac with or without fertilization such as embryo formation from antipodal cells. In the sporophytic polyembryony, embryos arise from the zygote or proembryo or from some other sporophytic cells of ovule such as nucellus or integument. Nucellar polyembryony is also known as adventitive polyembryony. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In sporophytic polyembryony, the additional embryos develops from
    Solution
    The phenomenon of occurrence of more than one embryo in the seed is known as polyembryony. It is of two types: sporophytic and gametophytic polyembryony. In sporophytic polyembryony, the embryos arise from the zygote or proembryo or from the initial sporophytic cells of the ovule such as nucellus and integument. Nucellar polyembryony is also known as adventitive polyembryony in which the nucellar cells develop into embryos at the expense of others by accumulating dense cytoplasm and starch. These cells divide repeatedly and develop into embryonic mass. For example, citrus, mango and jamun. When the embryos arise from the gametophytic cell of embryo sac with or without fertilization,  it is known as gametophytic polyembryony. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Malacophily is pollination by
    Solution
    Pollination which occurs by means of insects is known as Entomophily.
    Pollination which occurs by means of birds is known as Ornithophily.
    Pollination which occurs by means of bats is known as Chiropterophily.
    Pollination which occurs by means of snails and slugs is known as Malacophily.
    So, the correct answer is D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Pollination by ants is
    Solution
    Malacophily is the pollination of flowers by means of snails and slugs.
    Myrmecophily is the pollination of flowers by means of ants.
    Entomophily is the pollination of flowers by means of insects.
    Ornithophily is the pollination of flowers by means of birds.
    So, the correct answer is B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Formation of embryo directly from nucellus and integument is
    Solution
    •Polyembryony is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a single seed. In adventive polyembryony there is formation of extra embryos due to sporophytic budding. One or more sporophytic cells, either nucellus or integuments undergo stages of embryogeny and eventually develop into mature embryos.
    •Apospory is the development of gametophyte from the sporophyte without the formation of spores.
    •Apogamy is the development of sporophyte from the gametophyte without the fusion of gametes.
    •Apomixis is a kind of asexual reproduction in which viable embryo is formed within the confines of seed coat without meiosis and syngamy.
    So, the correct answer is A.
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