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Human Reproduction Test - 39

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Human Reproduction Test - 39
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Release of egg from ovary is called
    Solution
    The release of an egg from the ovary is called ovulation. This process occurs in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle when the secondary oocytes forms Graafian follicle which then ruptures to release the ovum. The ovulation in human females occurs under the influence of luteinizing hormone LH.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Non-flagellated sperm are found in
    Solution
    Non-motile sperm is characteristic of advanced plants like angiosperms. In lower plants like Algae, Bryophytes and Pteridophytes, sperm is motile and has cilia or flagella. In animals, the sperm is generally motile. In Ascaris, however, the sperm is amoeba like and non-flagellated. The sperm in the Astacus is also non flagellated type. 
    Thus, the correct option is D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    In which of the following animals, the sperm can survive for a longer period in the body of female?
    Solution
    Mammals show internal fertilization and sperm travels through vagina and uterus to reach the female gamete. For example, in humans during copulation (coitus) semen is released by the penis into the vagina (insemination). The motile sperms swim rapidly, pass through the cervix, enter into the uterus and finally reach the junction of the isthmus and ampulla (ampullary-isthmic junction) of the fallopian tube. The ovum released by the ovary is also transported to the ampullary-isthmic junction, where fertilisation takes place. The human sperms can survive for up to 72 hours inside the body of female.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Types of cleavage in centrolecithal eggs is
    Solution
    Centrolecithal eggs describe the placement of the yolk in the centre of the cytoplasm of the ovum. The cytokinesis of centrolecithal zygotes undergoes meroblastic cleavage. It is a type of cleavage where the cleavage plane extends only to the accumulated yolk and is superficial. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Space between acrosome and nucleus is called as
    Solution
    In most of the mammals, birds, there is a narrow fluid filled space between the acrosome and the nucleus. It is usually known as perforatorium, but also known by the name of axial body. Acrosomal cone, subacrosomal space etc. The rat sperm has large perforatorium, while the sperms of frog, rabbit and humans have no distinct perforatorium. Hence, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    "Father of embryology" is
    Solution
    Karl Ernst Von Baer is the father of Modern Embryology. He was born in Russia in 1792. He studied the embryonic development of animals, discovering the "blastula" stage of development and the "notochord". He formulated some laws what became known as Baer's laws of embryology.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Sertoli cells provide nutrition to sperm mainly in form of
    Solution
    During its development, most of the sperm's cytoplasm is discarded and is phagocytosed by the large Sertoli cells, that ring the fluid-filled lumen of the seminiferous tubule. These cells provide nutrients for the developing sperm cells. Sertoli cells also secrete hormones and other signalling molecules. Sertoli cells are large complex glycogen containing cells, that stretch from the basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule to the lumen. 
    Sertoli cells are joined to one another by tight junctions at a place just within the outer membrane of the tubule. Together, Sertoli cells form a barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering the tubule and interfering with spermatogenesis. This barrier also prevents sperm from passing out of the tubule into the blood, where they could stimulate an immune response. The tight junctions between Sertoli cells form compartments that separate sperm cells in various stages of development.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Biradial cleavage is found in
    Solution
    When the first three division planes do not stand at right angles to each other,  the cleavage is termed as biradial cleavage. Ctenophora symmetry is biradial ( radial + bilateral). Egg contains yolk, hence called lecithal yolk is initially accumulated at centre but later when cleavage starts yolks shift to one side. Cleavage is complete biradial and determinate.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Cell - division in zygote is called as
    Solution
    After fertilization, a zygote is formed which is a single diploid cell. The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions with no significant growth, a process known as cleavage leading to the development of the multi-cellular embryo. This process is also known as segmentation and cellulation. Hence, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    When a zygote divides completely into blastomeres, the type of cleavage is called as
    Solution
    Many animal eggs contain yolk, a mixture of proteins, phospholipids, and fats that serves as food for the developing embryo. The amount and distribution of yolk vary among different animal groups, depending on the needs of the embryo. Most invertebrates and simple chordates have isolecithal eggs with relatively small amounts of yolk uniformly distributed through the cytoplasm. Isolecithal eggs divide completely; this is called holoblastic cleavage. Cleavage of these eggs is radial or spiral. Radial cleavage is characteristic of deuterostomes, such as chordates and echinoderms; spiral cleavage is common in the embryos of protostomes, such as annelids and mollusks.
    Meroblastic cleavage involves the partial cleavage of egg due to the presence of huge amount of yolk in them. 
    Thus, the correct option is (A).
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