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Human Reproduction Test - 50

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Human Reproduction Test - 50
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which accessory genital gland occurs in all mammalian male?
    Solution
    The prostate gland is the donut-shaped gland that encircles urethra. It has both smooth muscles and glandular tissue and serves to provide the force needed for ejaculation. It secretes thin, milky alkaline fluid, that adjusts the pH of seminal fluid and serves in motility of sperms. It is present in all mammalian males. 
    Cowper's glands are two small glands, that are present inferior to the prostate gland. Their secretion lubricates the end of the penis during sexual intercourse and may contain few sperms. They are present in few mammals.
    Pineal gland is the small endocrine gland, located in the third ventricle of the brain. It secretes melatonin and is involved in regulation of circadian and circannual rhythms. 
    Melatonin inhibits the production and maturation of sperms, oocytes and reproductive organs in few mammals by affecting gonadotropin-releasing hormones. it is present in all mammal males. 
    Bartholin glands are homologous to Cowper’s glands; they are pea-sized glands located posterior to the vagina. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Number of spermatozoa, a single primary spermatocyte ultimately produced in spermatogenesis is
    Solution
    • Each spermatogonium is diploid and contains 46 chromosomes. 
    • Some of the spermatogonia called primary spermatocytes periodically undergo meiosis. 
    • A primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division (reduction division) leading to the formation of two equal, haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes, which have only 23 chromosomes each. 
    • The secondary spermatocytes undergo the second meiotic division to produce four equal, haploid spermatids. 
      Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Seminal plasma in humans is rich in
    Solution
    Correct Option: C
    Explanation:
    • The male accessory glands include a pair of seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and paired bulbourethral gland. 
    • The secretions of the aforementioned glands constitute the seminal plasma. 
    • It constitutes fructose, calcium, and some other enzymes. 
    • Apart from this, the secretions of the bulbourethral gland also aid in the lubrication of the penis. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The oestrous or menstrual cycle begins with a breaking down of the womb wall. The ovum or egg is released
    Solution
    The menstrual cycle begins due to the breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels which forms liquids that flow out through the vagina. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days, and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is called the menstrual cycle. In the middle of the cycle, about 14th day both luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) attain a peak level. The rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid of the cycle is called LH surge. This surge induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of ovum (ovulation).

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Shortest phase in the menstruation cycle of women is
    Solution

    Ovulatory phase or proliferative phase occurs on day 10- 15 where the ovulation is followed by secretory phase/luteal phase in the uterus (day 15-28) and is marked by uterine endometrium thickening, under the influence of progesterone as secreted by corpus luteum, to prepare it for implantation. An absence of fertilization stimulates menses and the whole cycle is repeated. 
    Therefore, the ovulatory phase is the shortest phase of menstrual cycle, that last for one day only and secretory phase is the longest one. Therefore, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In 28-day human ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs on
    Solution
    In 28-day human ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs on day 14.
    Ovulation, release of a mature egg from the female ovary; the release enables the egg to be fertilized by the male sperm cells. Normally, in humans, only one egg is released at one time; occasionally, two or more erupt during the menstrual cycle. The egg erupts from the ovary on the 14th to 16th day of the approximately 28-day menstrual cycle. If not fertilized, the egg is passed from the reproductive tract during menstrual bleeding, which starts about two weeks after ovulation. Occasionally, cycles occur in which an egg is not released; these are called anovulatory cycles.

    Prior to eruption from the ovary, an egg first must grow and mature. Until stimulated to grow, the primary egg cell passes through a period of dormancy that may last several years. The egg cell is surrounded by a capsule of cells known as the follicle. The follicular wall serves as a protective casing around the egg and also provides a suitable environment for egg development. As the follicle ripens, the cell wall thickens and a fluid is secreted to surround the egg. The follicle migrates from within the ovary’s deeper tissue to the outer wall. Once the follicle reaches the surface of the ovary, the follicular wall thins. Pressure caused by the follicle and fluid against the ovary’s surface causes bulging of the ovarian wall. When the follicle ruptures, the egg and fluid are released along with some torn patches of tissue. The cells, fluid, and egg are directed into the nearby fallopian tube, which serves as a passageway by which the egg reaches the uterus and as a site for fertilization of the released egg by sperm.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The structure which helps to maintain optimum temperature for spermatogenesis is
    Solution
    Testes are paired reproductive organs located in a pouch of skin called scrotum. Scrotum lies in the extra-abdominal cavity because sperm maturation requires a temperature slightly lower than the body temperature. Thus the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Motility of sperm is aided by its
    Solution
    Motility of sperm is aided by its tail. As the egg is non-motile structure, so to accomplish fertilization, the sperm has to move to the vagina up through the female reproductive system. Therefore, the tail of sperm helps in propelling the sperm cell forward to meet the egg. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum is initiated by
    Solution
    The luteal phase is marked by the increased concentration of the luteinizing hormone. The LH stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone which helps in the maintenance of the pregnancy by increasing the thickening of the cell lining of the endometrial wall. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    How may functional sperms are formed after spermatogenesis?
    Solution
    The process of formation of sperms, that lies in the seminiferous tubules of the testes is called as spermatogenesis. In this process, primary spermatocytes produces two equal, haploid cells, called as secondary spermatocytes by first meiotic division. The secondary spermatocytes then produce four equal, haploid spermatids by second meiosis. By the process of spermiogenesis, four spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa. After spermiogenesis, mature sperms are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by the process called as spermiation.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
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