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Human Reproduction Test - 89

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Human Reproduction Test - 89
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is the correct matching of the events occurring during menstrual period?
    Solution
    A. Correct Option- A
    B. Explanation For Correct Option:

    Ovulation is followed by the luteal phase in the ovary wherein, LH stimulates the formation of the corpus luteum from ovulated Graafian follicle which in turn secretes estrogens and progesterone.
    At the same time, the secretory phase in the uterus (day 15-28) is marked by uterine endometrium thickening, under the influence of progesterone as secreted by corpus luteum, to prepare it for implantation. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In the sperm heads, DNA is particularly highly condensed and there is presence of protamines. These protamines are small arginine-rich nuclear proteins. Which of the following protein is replaced by protamines in the sperm head?
    Solution
    • Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins.
    • They replace histones later in the spermatogenesis.
    • It is essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization.
    • So, the correct option is 'Histones'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Convergence and divergence of embryonic cells is called as
    Solution
    The biological process that enables the human embryo to develop its shape based on growth and differentiation of the embryonic cells is termed as morphogenesis. The embryonic cells actively narrow in one dimension as well as extend in perpendicular dimension. These movements which are termed as convergence and divergence respectively go on simultaneously and are morphogentic movements that take place during the process of gastrulation of the embryonic cells.
    Blastulation is the formation of blastula which is a hollow sphere of cells called blastomeres surrounding an inner fluid filled cavity blastocoel formed during an early stage of embryonic development.
    Differentiation is a process when a cell becomes more specialised to perform a specific function.
    Induction is the development of one cell or tissue to direct the development of neighbouring cells or tissues.
    Thus, the correct option is (A)
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Both corpus luteum and macula lutea are
    Solution
    During luteal phase of ovarian cycle, the ovulated Graafian follicle is differentiated into corpus luteum under influence of LH. Thus, corpus luteum is present in ovary. 
    Macula lutea is the central region of retina of human eye, which is characterized by presence of cone cells in fovea centralis. This makes option A incorrect. 
    Corpus luteum secretes estrogens, progesterone and relaxin hormones but macula lutea is not a secretory structure; option B is incorrect. Since the first studied corpus luteum, Cow’s corpus luteum, is a yellow colored structure, hence the name “yellow body” is given to corpus lutem. Human’s corpus luteum is cream coloured. 
    Macula lutea represents yellowish area in the central region of the retina. This makes option C correct. If fertilization is followed by implantation, the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin maintains the corpus luteum which in turn continues to secrete progesterone and estrogens. Higher blood levels of progesterone maintain the uterine endometrium and inhibit menses. Lower levels of progesterone can cause abortion/miscarriage due to disintegration of endometrium, which means that corpus luteum is necessary to maintain pregnancy. Macula lutea is retinal structure and do not contribute in reproductive events. 
    So, the correct answer is 'Characterised by a yellow colour'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The ratio of the number of chromosomes in a human zygote and a human ovum (egg) is
    Solution
    The reproductive cells contain only half the number of chromosomes as compared to the normal body cells of an organism. The human sperm and egg have 23 chromosomes each. So when they fuse together, the zygote formed has 23+23=46 chromosomes. So the required ratio is 46 : 23, i.e., 2 : 1.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Refer the given graph of menstrual cycle. What happens after day 28?

    Solution
    In humans, the length of a menstrual cycle varies among women (ranging from 21 to 35 days), with 28 days designated as the average length. The entire duration of a menstrual cycle can be divided into four main phases: The menstrual phase (from day 1 to 5); the Follicular phase (from day 1 to 13); the Ovulation phase (day 14); Luteal phase (from day 15 to 28). From the thickness of the endometrial lining, the phases can be recognized. Hence after completion of one menstrual cycle (28 days ) bleeding or menstrual phase of next cycle will start.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The type of cleavage in a zygote depends upon
    Solution
    The amount of yolk in the zygote determines the type of cleavage. Placental mammals have a very small amount of yolk and undergo holoblastic cleavage because the nourishment is provided by the mother's body for the development. Other species, such as birds, with a lot of yolk in the egg to nourish the embryo during development, undergo meroblastic cleavage.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Mature sperms are stored in the
    Solution
    • The epididymis is a coiled tube present on the posterior surface of each testis. Vasa differentia from the rete testis opens into the epididymis.
    • Within epididymis, sperms undergo maturation and nourishment. It is also the site for storage of sperms.
    So, the correct answer is 'Epididymis'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Acrosome is formed by
    Solution
    The acrosome is a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi apparatus. It contains digestive enzymes like hyaluronidase and lysins. These enzymes help in breaking down the outer membrane of the ovum which enables the entry of sperm in the ovum and the process of fertilisation takes place. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Number of spermatozoa, a single primary spermatocyte ultimately produces in spermatogenesis, is 
    Solution
    • Each primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis-I to form 2 secondary spermatocytes.
    • Each secondary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis-II to form 4 spermatids which after maturation form 4 spermatozoa (sperm).
    So, the correct option is 'Four'.
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